Rifampin: Difference between revisions

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==General==
==General==
*Type:  
*Type: bactericidal [[antibiotic]]
*Dosage Forms:
*Dosage Forms: 150, 300; PO, IV
*Common Trade Names:  
*Common Trade Names: Rifadin
==Pharmacology==
*Half-life: 1.5-5hours (increased if there is hepatic dysfunction)
**Rifampin autoinduces its own metabolism so half-life is decreased with subsequent dosing.
*Metabolism: Hepatic
*Excretion: Bile; Urine <30%
*Mechanism of Action: inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis


==Adult Dosing==
==Adult Dosing==
===Active [[TB]]===
*10mg/kg/day (in combination with [[isoniazid]] and [[pyrazinamide]]) PO or IV for 2 months
**Then 10mg/kg/day (in combination with [[isoniazid]]) for 4 months or longer as needed
**MAX, 600mg/day
===Inactive [[TB]], HIV+===
*600mg PO daily for 4 months
===[[Meningitis]]===
*600mg IV once daily (with [[vancomycin]]/[[cephalosporin]])
===[[Neisseria meningitidis|Meningococcal Prophylaxis]]===
*600 mg PO BID for two days
===Bartonellosis===
*300mg PO or IV q12h plus [[doxycycline]]
===Brucellosis===
*15-20mg/kg/day PO/IV in 1 or 2 divided doses for at least 6 weeks in combination with a [[tetracycline]]
**MAX 600 to 900mg/day
===Infective endocarditis===
*300mg IV or PO every 8 hours for a minimum of 6 weeks, in combination with appropriate antimicrobial therapy
===Hansen Disease===
*Paucibacillary, single lesion
**600 mg PO x1 with [[ofloxacin]] and [[minocycline]]
*Paucibacillary
**600 mg PO qmo x 6mo with [[dapsone]]
*Multibacillary
**600 mg PO qmo x 12mo with [[dapsone]] and [[clofazimine]]
===[[Anthrax]], systemic===
*600 mg IV q12h for at least 2 wk as part of a multi-drug regimen
**Switch to PO abx x60 days total if inhalational exposure


==Pediatric Dosing==
==Pediatric Dosing==
 
===Active [[TB]]===
*<15 yo
**10-20 mg/kg PO/IV qd for at least 6mo
***Max: 600 mg/day
*15+ yo
**10 mg/kg PO/IV qd for at least 6mo
***Max: 600 mg/day
===Latent [[TB]]===
*<15 yo
**10-20 mg/kg PO/IV qd x4mo
***Max: 600 mg/day
*15+ yo
**10 mg/kg PO/IV qd x4mo
***Max: 600 mg/day
===[[H. influenza]] prophylaxis===
*<1 mo
**10mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
***Max: 600 mg/day
*1+ mo
**20 mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
**Max: 600 mg/day
===Meningcococcal prophylaxis===
*<1 mo
**5mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
***Max: 600 mg/day
*1+ mo
**10 mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
**Max: 600 mg/day
===[[Endocarditis]], Staphylococcal prosthetic valve===
*20 mg/kg/day PO/IV divided q8h for at least 6wk with [[gentamicin]] and [[nafcillin]]
**Max 900 mg/day
===Hansen Disease===
*Paucibacillary, 10-14 yo
**450mg PO qmo x6mo with [[dapsone]]
*Paucibacillary, 15+ yo
**600 mg PO qmo x 6mo with [[dapsone]]
*Multibacillary, 10-14 yo
**450mg PO qmo x 12mo with [[dapsone]] and [[clofazimine]]
*Multibacillary, 15+ yo
**600 mg PO qmo x 12mo with [[dapsone]] and [[clofazimine]]
===[[Anthrax]], systemic===
*Neonates >32 wk gestation
**10-20 mg/kg/day IV divided q12-24h for at least 2 wk as part of multi-drug regimen
*1+ mo
**20 mg/kg/day IV divided q12h for at least 2 wk as part of multi-drug regimen
***Max: 300 mg/dose
==Special Populations==
==Special Populations==
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]:
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: C
*Lactation:
*Lactation: Infant risk minimal
*Renal Dosing
*Renal Dosing:
**Adult
**Adult
***CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
***HD/PD: No supplment
**Pediatric
**Pediatric
***CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
***HD/PD: No supplment
*Hepatic Dosing
*Hepatic Dosing
**Adult
**Adult
***Avoid Use
**Pediatric
**Pediatric
***Avoid Use


==Contraindications==
==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug
*Allergy to class/drug
*IM or SC administration
*Concomitant use with atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, rilpivirine or elvitegravir/cobicistat


==Adverse Reactions==
==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
===Serious===
*[[Agranulocytosis]]
*[[DIC]]
*Hepatotoxicity
*Nephrotoxicity
*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Leukopenia]]
*[[Anemia]]
*Porphyria exacerbation
*Erythema multiforme
*[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]]
*Toxic epidermal necrolysis
*C. Diff associated diarrhea
*Psychosis
*[[Uveitis]]


===Common===
===Common===
*Reddish-Orange body fluids
*[[Nausea]]/[[vomiting]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Headache]]
*[[Dizziness]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*Disequilibrium
*Weakness
*[[Pruritus]]
*Flushing
*Anorexia
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
*Contact lens staining


==Pharmacology==
==Acute Overdose==
*Half-life:
*Diarrhea is unique to rifampin toxicity in comparison to other antituberculous medications<ref>Broadwell R. et al. Suicide by rifampin overdose. JAMA. 1978; 240:2283.13.</ref>
*Metabolism:
*Excretion:
*Mechanism of Action:


==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
Line 153: Line 265:
===Key===
===Key===
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
==See Also==
==See Also==


==Source==
==References==
 
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:ID]]

Latest revision as of 08:00, 21 January 2022

General

  • Type: bactericidal antibiotic
  • Dosage Forms: 150, 300; PO, IV
  • Common Trade Names: Rifadin

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 1.5-5hours (increased if there is hepatic dysfunction)
    • Rifampin autoinduces its own metabolism so half-life is decreased with subsequent dosing.
  • Metabolism: Hepatic
  • Excretion: Bile; Urine <30%
  • Mechanism of Action: inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis

Adult Dosing

Active TB

  • 10mg/kg/day (in combination with isoniazid and pyrazinamide) PO or IV for 2 months
    • Then 10mg/kg/day (in combination with isoniazid) for 4 months or longer as needed
    • MAX, 600mg/day

Inactive TB, HIV+

  • 600mg PO daily for 4 months

Meningitis

Meningococcal Prophylaxis

  • 600 mg PO BID for two days

Bartonellosis

Brucellosis

  • 15-20mg/kg/day PO/IV in 1 or 2 divided doses for at least 6 weeks in combination with a tetracycline
    • MAX 600 to 900mg/day

Infective endocarditis

  • 300mg IV or PO every 8 hours for a minimum of 6 weeks, in combination with appropriate antimicrobial therapy

Hansen Disease

Anthrax, systemic

  • 600 mg IV q12h for at least 2 wk as part of a multi-drug regimen
    • Switch to PO abx x60 days total if inhalational exposure

Pediatric Dosing

Active TB

  • <15 yo
    • 10-20 mg/kg PO/IV qd for at least 6mo
      • Max: 600 mg/day
  • 15+ yo
    • 10 mg/kg PO/IV qd for at least 6mo
      • Max: 600 mg/day

Latent TB

  • <15 yo
    • 10-20 mg/kg PO/IV qd x4mo
      • Max: 600 mg/day
  • 15+ yo
    • 10 mg/kg PO/IV qd x4mo
      • Max: 600 mg/day

H. influenza prophylaxis

  • <1 mo
    • 10mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
      • Max: 600 mg/day
  • 1+ mo
    • 20 mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
    • Max: 600 mg/day

Meningcococcal prophylaxis

  • <1 mo
    • 5mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
      • Max: 600 mg/day
  • 1+ mo
    • 10 mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days
    • Max: 600 mg/day

Endocarditis, Staphylococcal prosthetic valve

Hansen Disease

  • Paucibacillary, 10-14 yo
  • Paucibacillary, 15+ yo
  • Multibacillary, 10-14 yo
  • Multibacillary, 15+ yo

Anthrax, systemic

  • Neonates >32 wk gestation
    • 10-20 mg/kg/day IV divided q12-24h for at least 2 wk as part of multi-drug regimen
  • 1+ mo
    • 20 mg/kg/day IV divided q12h for at least 2 wk as part of multi-drug regimen
      • Max: 300 mg/dose

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy Rating: C
  • Lactation: Infant risk minimal
  • Renal Dosing:
    • Adult
      • CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
      • HD/PD: No supplment
    • Pediatric
      • CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
      • HD/PD: No supplment
  • Hepatic Dosing
    • Adult
      • Avoid Use
    • Pediatric
      • Avoid Use

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • IM or SC administration
  • Concomitant use with atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, rilpivirine or elvitegravir/cobicistat

Adverse Reactions

Serious

Common

Acute Overdose

  • Diarrhea is unique to rifampin toxicity in comparison to other antituberculous medications[1]

Antibiotic Sensitivities[2]

Group Organism Sensitivity
Gram Positive Strep. Group A, B, C, G S
Strep. Pneumoniae S
Viridans strep X1
Strep. anginosus gp X1
Enterococcus faecalis I
Enterococcus faecium R
MSSA S
MRSA S
CA-MRSA S
Staph. Epidermidis S
C. jeikeium S
L. monocytogenes S
Gram Negatives N. gonorrhoeae X2
N. meningitidis S
Moraxella catarrhalis S
H. influenzae S
E. coli R
Klebsiella sp R
E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ R
E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ I
Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos R
Serratia sp X1
Serratia marcescens R
Salmonella sp R
Shigella sp R
Proteus mirabilis X1
Proteus vulgaris R
Providencia sp. X1
Morganella sp. X1
Citrobacter freundii X1
Citrobacter diversus X1
Citrobacter sp. X1
Aeromonas sp X1
Acinetobacter sp. R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R
Burkholderia cepacia R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia X1
Yersinia enterocolitica X1
Francisella tularensis S
Brucella sp. S+'
Legionella sp. X1
Pasteurella multocida X1
Haemophilus ducreyi X1
Vibrio vulnificus X1
Misc Chlamydophila sp X2
Mycoplasm pneumoniae X1
Rickettsia sp X1
Mycobacterium avium X1
Anaerobes Actinomyces X1
Bacteroides fragilis X1
Prevotella melaninogenica X1
Clostridium difficile X1
Clostridium (not difficile) X1
Fusobacterium necrophorum X1
Peptostreptococcus sp. X1

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Broadwell R. et al. Suicide by rifampin overdose. JAMA. 1978; 240:2283.13.
  2. ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
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