Rifampin: Difference between revisions

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==General==
==General==
*Type:  
*Type: bactericidal [[antibiotic]]
*Dosage Forms:
*Dosage Forms: 150, 300; PO, IV
*Common Trade Names:  
*Common Trade Names: Rifadin
==Pharmacology==
*Half-life: 1.5-5hours (increased if there is hepatic dysfunction)
**Rifampin autoinduces its own metabolism so half-life is decreased with subsequent dosing.
*Metabolism: Hepatic
*Excretion: Bile; Urine <30%
*Mechanism of Action: inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis


==Adult Dosing==
==Adult Dosing==
===Indications by Disease===
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|?Has Context=Context
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==Pediatric Dosing==
==Pediatric Dosing==
===Indications by Disease===
{{#ask: [[Has DrugName::Rifampin]] [[Has Population::Pediatric]]
|?Treats disease=Disease
|?Has Dose=Dose
|?Has Context=Context
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==Special Populations==
==Special Populations==
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]:
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: C
*Lactation:
*Lactation: Infant risk minimal
*Renal Dosing
*Renal Dosing:
**Adult
**Adult
***CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
***HD/PD: No supplment
**Pediatric
**Pediatric
***CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
***HD/PD: No supplment
*Hepatic Dosing
*Hepatic Dosing
**Adult
**Adult
***Avoid Use
**Pediatric
**Pediatric
***Avoid Use


==Contraindications==
==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug
*Allergy to class/drug
*IM or SC administration
*Concomitant use with atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, rilpivirine or elvitegravir/cobicistat


==Adverse Reactions==
==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
===Serious===
*[[Agranulocytosis]]
*[[DIC]]
*Hepatotoxicity
*Nephrotoxicity
*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Leukopenia]]
*[[Anemia]]
*Porphyria exacerbation
*Erythema multiforme
*[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]]
*Toxic epidermal necrolysis
*C. Diff associated diarrhea
*Psychosis
*[[Uveitis]]


===Common===
===Common===
*Reddish-Orange body fluids
*[[Nausea]]/[[vomiting]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Headache]]
*[[Dizziness]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*Disequilibrium
*Weakness
*[[Pruritus]]
*Flushing
*Anorexia
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
*Contact lens staining


==Pharmacology==
==Acute Overdose==
*Half-life:
*Diarrhea is unique to rifampin toxicity in comparison to other antituberculous medications<ref>Broadwell R. et al. Suicide by rifampin overdose. JAMA. 1978; 240:2283.13.</ref>
*Metabolism:
*Excretion:
*Mechanism of Action:


==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
Line 153: Line 218:
===Key===
===Key===
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
==See Also==
==See Also==


==Source==
==References==
<references/>


<references/>
[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:ID]]

Latest revision as of 11:08, 20 March 2026

General

  • Type: bactericidal antibiotic
  • Dosage Forms: 150, 300; PO, IV
  • Common Trade Names: Rifadin

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 1.5-5hours (increased if there is hepatic dysfunction)
    • Rifampin autoinduces its own metabolism so half-life is decreased with subsequent dosing.
  • Metabolism: Hepatic
  • Excretion: Bile; Urine <30%
  • Mechanism of Action: inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis

Adult Dosing

Indications by Disease

DiseaseDoseContext
Anthrax600 mg IV q12h for at least 2 wk as part of a multi-drug regimen; Switch to PO abx x60 days total if inhalational exposureAnthrax, systemic
Brucella15-20mg/kg/day PO/IV in 1 or 2 divided doses for at least 6 weeks in combination with a tetracycline; MAX 600 to 900mg/dayBrucellosis
Cat-scratch disease300mg PO or IV q12h plus doxycyclineBartonellosis
Ehrlichiosis300mg PO q12hrsPregnant
Endocarditis1200 mg/day PO in 2 dosesProsthetic Valve Endocarditis (Early)
Infectious tenosynovitis600 mg PO once dailyMycobacteria
LeprosyPaucibacillary, single lesion; 600 mg PO x1 with ofloxacin and minocycline; Paucibacillary; 600 mg PO qmo x 6mo with dapsone; Multibacillary; 600 mg PO qmo x 12mo with dapsone and clofazimineHansen Disease
Neisseria meningitidis600 mg PO BID for two daysNeisseria meningitidis
Tuberculosis10mg/kg/day (in combination with isoniazid and pyrazinamide) PO or IV for 2 months; Then 10mg/kg/day (in combination with isoniazid) for 4 months or longer as needed; MAX, 600mg/dayActive TB
Tuberculosis600mg PO daily for 4 monthsInactive TB, HIV+

Pediatric Dosing

Indications by Disease

DiseaseDoseContext
AnthraxNeonates >32 wk gestation; 10-20 mg/kg/day IV divided q12-24h for at least 2 wk as part of multi-drug regimen; 1+ mo; 20 mg/kg/day IV divided q12h for at least 2 wk as part of multi-drug regimen; Max: 300 mg/doseAnthrax, systemic
Haemophilus influenzae<1 mo; 10mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days; Max: 600 mg/day; 1+ mo; 20 mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days; Max: 600 mg/dayH. influenza prophylaxis
LeprosyPaucibacillary, 10-14 yo; 450mg PO qmo x6mo with dapsone; Paucibacillary, 15+ yo; 600 mg PO qmo x 6mo with dapsone; Multibacillary, 10-14 yo; 450mg PO qmo x 12mo with dapsone and clofazimine; Multibacillary, 15+ yo; 600 mg PO qmo x 12mo with dapsone and clofazimineHansen Disease
Neisseria meningitidis<1 mo; 5mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days; Max: 600 mg/day; 1+ mo; 10 mg/kg PO/IV q24h x4 days; Max: 600 mg/dayMeningococcal prophylaxis
Tuberculosis<15 yo; 10-20 mg/kg PO/IV qd for at least 6mo; Max: 600 mg/day; 15+ yo; 10 mg/kg PO/IV qd for at least 6mo; Max: 600 mg/dayActive TB
Tuberculosis<15 yo; 10-20 mg/kg PO/IV qd x4mo; Max: 600 mg/day; 15+ yo; 10 mg/kg PO/IV qd x4mo; Max: 600 mg/dayLatent TB

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy Rating: C
  • Lactation: Infant risk minimal
  • Renal Dosing:
    • Adult
      • CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
      • HD/PD: No supplment
    • Pediatric
      • CrCl <50: Consider decreasing dose 0-50%
      • HD/PD: No supplment
  • Hepatic Dosing
    • Adult
      • Avoid Use
    • Pediatric
      • Avoid Use

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • IM or SC administration
  • Concomitant use with atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, rilpivirine or elvitegravir/cobicistat

Adverse Reactions

Serious

Common

Acute Overdose

  • Diarrhea is unique to rifampin toxicity in comparison to other antituberculous medications[1]

Antibiotic Sensitivities[2]

Group Organism Sensitivity
Gram Positive Strep. Group A, B, C, G S
Strep. Pneumoniae S
Viridans strep X1
Strep. anginosus gp X1
Enterococcus faecalis I
Enterococcus faecium R
MSSA S
MRSA S
CA-MRSA S
Staph. Epidermidis S
C. jeikeium S
L. monocytogenes S
Gram Negatives N. gonorrhoeae X2
N. meningitidis S
Moraxella catarrhalis S
H. influenzae S
E. coli R
Klebsiella sp R
E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ R
E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ I
Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos R
Serratia sp X1
Serratia marcescens R
Salmonella sp R
Shigella sp R
Proteus mirabilis X1
Proteus vulgaris R
Providencia sp. X1
Morganella sp. X1
Citrobacter freundii X1
Citrobacter diversus X1
Citrobacter sp. X1
Aeromonas sp X1
Acinetobacter sp. R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R
Burkholderia cepacia R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia X1
Yersinia enterocolitica X1
Francisella tularensis S
Brucella sp. S+'
Legionella sp. X1
Pasteurella multocida X1
Haemophilus ducreyi X1
Vibrio vulnificus X1
Misc Chlamydophila sp X2
Mycoplasm pneumoniae X1
Rickettsia sp X1
Mycobacterium avium X1
Anaerobes Actinomyces X1
Bacteroides fragilis X1
Prevotella melaninogenica X1
Clostridium difficile X1
Clostridium (not difficile) X1
Fusobacterium necrophorum X1
Peptostreptococcus sp. X1

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Broadwell R. et al. Suicide by rifampin overdose. JAMA. 1978; 240:2283.13.
  2. ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
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