Agent orange: Difference between revisions
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*Gained notoriety during Vietnam War | *Gained notoriety during Vietnam War | ||
==Mechanism== | ===Mechanism=== | ||
*Absorbed through skin, GI tract, and respiratory tract | *Absorbed through skin, GI tract, and respiratory tract | ||
*Acts on skeletal muscle but exact mechanism unknown | *Acts on skeletal muscle but exact mechanism unknown | ||
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Serious toxic effects develop in 4-6 hours | *Serious toxic effects develop in 4-6 hours | ||
*Non-specific dermal and GI irritation (nausea, vomiting, GI distress) | *Non-specific dermal and GI irritation ([[nausea]], [[vomiting]], GI distress) | ||
*Myotonia, muscle fasciculations, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia | *Myotonia, muscle fasciculations, [[rhabdomyolysis]], [[hyperthermia]] | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
{{Chemical weapon DDX}} | |||
==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
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*Skin decontamination | *Skin decontamination | ||
*Supportive care | *Supportive care | ||
*Treat rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis | *Treat [[rhabdomyolysis]], [[hyperthermia]], and [[metabolic acidosis]] | ||
==Disposition== | |||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Chemical weapons]] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Toxicology]] | [[Category:Toxicology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:12, 24 July 2017
Background
- Member of chlorophenoxy pesticide group, and are often contaminated with dioxin
- Gained notoriety during Vietnam War
Mechanism
- Absorbed through skin, GI tract, and respiratory tract
- Acts on skeletal muscle but exact mechanism unknown
Clinical Features
- Serious toxic effects develop in 4-6 hours
- Non-specific dermal and GI irritation (nausea, vomiting, GI distress)
- Myotonia, muscle fasciculations, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia
Differential Diagnosis
Chemical weapons
- Blister chemical agents (Vesicants)
- Lewisite (L)
- Sulfur mustard (H)
- Phosgene oxime (CX)
- Pulmonary chemical agents (Choking agents)
- Incendiary agents
- Cyanide chemical weapon agents (Blood agents)
- Prussic acid (AKA hydrogen cyanide, hydrocyanic acid, or formonitrile)
- Nerve Agents (organophosphates)
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- Household and commercial pesticides (diazinon and parathion)
- G-series (sarin, tabun, soman)
- V-series (VX)
- Lacrimating or riot-control agents
- Pepper spray
- Chloroacetophenone
- CS
Evaluation
- No specific tests for chlorophenoxy compounds
- Workup is aimed at detecting muscle injury and hepatic/renal function
Management
- Skin decontamination
- Supportive care
- Treat rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis