HELLP syndrome: Difference between revisions
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*HELLP = Hemolysis, Elevated LFTS, Low Platelets | *HELLP = Hemolysis, Elevated LFTS, Low Platelets | ||
*Clinical variant of preeclampsia | *Clinical variant of preeclampsia | ||
*Any | *Any patient >20wk gestation or <4wk postpartum c/o abd pain should receive HELLP w/u | ||
*Usually presents w/in 48 hr of delivery | *Usually presents w/in 48 hr of delivery | ||
*80% of patients have no evidence of preeclampsia before delivery | *80% of patients have no evidence of preeclampsia before delivery |
Revision as of 07:50, 2 July 2016
Background
- HELLP = Hemolysis, Elevated LFTS, Low Platelets
- Clinical variant of preeclampsia
- Any patient >20wk gestation or <4wk postpartum c/o abd pain should receive HELLP w/u
- Usually presents w/in 48 hr of delivery
- 80% of patients have no evidence of preeclampsia before delivery
Clinical Features
- RUQ or epigastric pain - 40-90%
- Proteinuria - 86-100%
- Hypertension - 82-88%
Differential Diagnosis
3rd Trimester/Postpartum Emergencies
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Amniotic fluid embolus
- Chorioamnionitis
- Eclampsia
- HELLP syndrome
- Mastitis
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Postpartum endometritis (postpartum PID)
- Postpartum headache
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Preeclampsia
- Resuscitative hysterotomy
- Retained products of conception
- Septic abortion
- Uterine rupture
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- HELLP syndrome
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Malignant hypertension
- Scleroderma
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
- Other medical causes: malignancy, renal allograft rejection, vasculitides like polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis
- Drugs: chemotherapy; Clopidogrel (Plavix) associated with TTP
- Nonvascular causes: prosthetic valve (more common with mechanical, more common at aortic valve), LVAD, TIPS, coil embolization, patched AV shunt, AVM
Diagnosis
- CBC
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (Schistocytes)
- Plt count <100
- Chemistry
- Normal or elevated BUN/Cr
- Coags
- Abnormal
- LFT
- AST > 70, bilirubin > 1.2
- ALT elevation (although usually <500)
- LDH > 600
- CT or US to check for hepatic hematoma (if needed)
Treatment
- Similar to that of severe preeclampsia or eclampsia
- Delivery (only definitive treatment)
- Magnesium
- BP control
- Coagulopathy correction
- Transfuse platelets if < 20,000 or active, uncontrolled bleeding
Complications
- DIC
- Acute renal failure
- Subcapsular liver hematoma
- Abdominal distention
- Maintain adequate intravascular volume
- If unstable consider embolization vs surgery
See Also
References
- EBM, Volume 12, Number 8, Aug 2010. Postpartum Emergencies