Fractures (main): Difference between revisions
(Added reference) |
Neil.m.young (talk | contribs) (Text replacement - " ==" to "==") |
||
(6 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Describing Fractures<ref>Wolfson, A. B., Cloutier, R. L., Hendey, G. W., Ling, L., & Schaider, J. (n.d.). Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries. In Harwood-Nuss' clinical practice of emergency medicine (6th ed.). LWW.</ref>== | ==Describing Fractures<ref>Wolfson, A. B., Cloutier, R. L., Hendey, G. W., Ling, L., & Schaider, J. (n.d.). Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries. In Harwood-Nuss' clinical practice of emergency medicine (6th ed.). LWW.</ref>== | ||
[[File:Fracture Naming Construct.png|thumb|Fracture naming construct]] | |||
A systematic approach for the description of fractures should be used to aid in clear communication with radiologists and consulting specialists. | A systematic approach for the description of fractures should be used to aid in clear communication with radiologists and consulting specialists. | ||
* Laterality | *Laterality | ||
* Affected Bone | *[[Open fracture|Open]] vs. Closed | ||
* Location | *Affected Bone | ||
** Intra-articular vs. extra-articular | *Location | ||
** Portion of long-bone (proximal, middle, distal) | **Intra-articular vs. extra-articular | ||
** Anatomic site (ex. [[supracondylar]], [[Intertrochanteric femur fracture|intertrochanteric]], [[Subtrochanteric femur fracture|subtrochanteric]], [[Femoral neck fracture|femoral neck]]) | **Portion of long-bone (proximal, middle, distal) | ||
**Anatomic site (ex. [[supracondylar]], [[Intertrochanteric femur fracture|intertrochanteric]], [[Subtrochanteric femur fracture|subtrochanteric]], [[Femoral neck fracture|femoral neck]]) | |||
* Direction (orientation of fracture line relative to long-axis) | *Direction (orientation of fracture line relative to long-axis) | ||
** Transverse | **Transverse | ||
** Oblique | **Oblique | ||
** Spiral | **Spiral | ||
**Impacted | |||
** Impacted | |||
**Torus / [[Greenstick Fracture|Greenstick]] (Peds) | **Torus / [[Greenstick Fracture|Greenstick]] (Peds) | ||
* Alignment | *Alignment | ||
** Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment) | **Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment) | ||
***State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement) | ***State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement) | ||
** Angulation | **Angulation | ||
*** Deviation from longitudinal axis, described in degrees and direction | ***Deviation from longitudinal axis, described in degrees and direction | ||
*** Direction of apex of angle formed from redrawn longitudinal axes of fracture fragments | ***Direction of apex of angle formed from redrawn longitudinal axes of fracture fragments | ||
** Rotation | **Rotation | ||
*** Twisting around longitudinal axis (distal relative to proximal fragment) | ***Twisting around longitudinal axis (distal relative to proximal fragment) | ||
*** Described as medial or lateral rotation (towards or away from midline respectively) | ***Described as medial or lateral rotation (towards or away from midline respectively) | ||
** Separation | **Separation | ||
*** Distance two fragments have been pulled apart (but not offset from each other) | ***Distance two fragments have been pulled apart (but not offset from each other) | ||
** Shortening | **Shortening | ||
*** Amount by which a bone's length has been reduced (expressed in mm or cm) | ***Amount by which a bone's length has been reduced (expressed in mm or cm) | ||
*** May occur by impaction or by overriding | ***May occur by impaction or by overriding | ||
** Other | **Other | ||
*** Incomplete: Only one side of cortex disrupted | ***Incomplete: Only one side of cortex disrupted | ||
*** Stress: Caused by repetitive low-force trauma/impact | ***Stress: Caused by repetitive low-force trauma/impact | ||
*** Pathologic: Caused by trivial trauma or biomechanically routine force, suggestive of abnormal bone. | ***Pathologic: Caused by trivial trauma or biomechanically routine force, suggestive of abnormal bone. | ||
*** Fracture-Dislocation: Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement | ***Fracture-Dislocation: Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement | ||
*Fragmentation | |||
**Segmental (>2 fragments, with one segment not connected to either end) | |||
**Comminuted (>3 fragments) | |||
* [[Salter Harris]] | *[[Salter Harris]] | ||
==Head and Neck== | ==Head and Neck== | ||
Line 43: | Line 45: | ||
{{Cervical spine injuries}} | {{Cervical spine injuries}} | ||
== Upper Extremity == | ==Upper Extremity== | ||
{{Proximal arm fracture DDX}} | {{Proximal arm fracture DDX}} | ||
Line 51: | Line 53: | ||
**[[Olecranon fracture]] | **[[Olecranon fracture]] | ||
**[[Elbow dislocation]] | **[[Elbow dislocation]] | ||
**[[Capitellum fracture]] | |||
*Pediatric | *Pediatric | ||
**[[Nursemaid's elbow]] | **[[Nursemaid's elbow]] | ||
Line 99: | Line 102: | ||
*[[Open fracture]] | *[[Open fracture]] | ||
*[[Joint dislocations (main)]] | *[[Joint dislocations (main)]] | ||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Orthopedics]] | [[Category:Orthopedics]] |
Revision as of 07:00, 7 July 2016
Describing Fractures[1]
A systematic approach for the description of fractures should be used to aid in clear communication with radiologists and consulting specialists.
- Laterality
- Open vs. Closed
- Affected Bone
- Location
- Intra-articular vs. extra-articular
- Portion of long-bone (proximal, middle, distal)
- Anatomic site (ex. supracondylar, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, femoral neck)
- Direction (orientation of fracture line relative to long-axis)
- Transverse
- Oblique
- Spiral
- Impacted
- Torus / Greenstick (Peds)
- Alignment
- Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment)
- State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement)
- Angulation
- Deviation from longitudinal axis, described in degrees and direction
- Direction of apex of angle formed from redrawn longitudinal axes of fracture fragments
- Rotation
- Twisting around longitudinal axis (distal relative to proximal fragment)
- Described as medial or lateral rotation (towards or away from midline respectively)
- Separation
- Distance two fragments have been pulled apart (but not offset from each other)
- Shortening
- Amount by which a bone's length has been reduced (expressed in mm or cm)
- May occur by impaction or by overriding
- Other
- Incomplete: Only one side of cortex disrupted
- Stress: Caused by repetitive low-force trauma/impact
- Pathologic: Caused by trivial trauma or biomechanically routine force, suggestive of abnormal bone.
- Fracture-Dislocation: Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement
- Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment)
- Fragmentation
- Segmental (>2 fragments, with one segment not connected to either end)
- Comminuted (>3 fragments)
Head and Neck
Maxillofacial Trauma
- Ears
- Nose
- Oral
- Other face
- Zygomatic arch fracture
- Zygomaticomaxillary (tripod) fracture
- Related
Vertebral fractures and dislocations types
- Cervical fractures and dislocations
- Thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations
Upper Extremity
Humerus Fracture Types
Elbow
- Adult
- Pediatric
Forearm Fracture Types
- Distal radius fractures
- Radia ulna fracture
- Isolated radius fracture (proximal)
- Isolated ulna fracture (i.e. nightstick)
- Monteggia fracture-dislocation
- Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
- Forearm fracture (peds)
Carpal fractures
- Scaphoid fracture
- Lunate fracture
- Triquetrum fracture
- Pisiform fracture
- Trapezium fracture
- Trapezoid fracture
- Capitate fracture
- Hamate fracture
Hand and Finger Fracture Types
Torso
Chest
Abdomen
Spine
Lower Extremity
Proximal Leg
Distal Leg Fracture Types
- Tibial plateau fracture
- Tibial shaft fracture
- Pilon fracture
- Maisonneuve fracture
- Tibia fracture (peds)
- Ankle fracture
- Foot and toe fractures
Foot and Toe Fracture Types
Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot
Other
See Also
- Fracture management overview
- Splinting
- Diagnoses by Body Part (Main)
- Fractures and dislocations (peds)
- Open fracture
- Joint dislocations (main)
References
- ↑ Wolfson, A. B., Cloutier, R. L., Hendey, G. W., Ling, L., & Schaider, J. (n.d.). Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries. In Harwood-Nuss' clinical practice of emergency medicine (6th ed.). LWW.