Enterobius: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
[[File:Enterobius vermicularis LifeCycle.gif|thumb|Enterobious vermicularis life cycle.]] | [[File:Enterobius vermicularis LifeCycle.gif|thumb|Enterobious vermicularis life cycle.]] | ||
*''Enterobius vermicularis'' | *''Enterobius vermicularis'' | ||
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*Transmitted by fecal-oral route | *Transmitted by fecal-oral route | ||
*Can survive outside of body for up to 3 weeks | *Can survive outside of body for up to 3 weeks | ||
===Risk Factors=== | ===Risk Factors=== | ||
''Prevalence can reach up to 50% in these populations'' | ''Prevalence can reach up to 50% in these populations'' | ||
*Age under 18 | *Age under 18 | ||
*Institutionalized | *Institutionalized | ||
*Cohabitation with infected individual | *Cohabitation with infected individual | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
[[File:Pinworm.jpg|thumb|Two pinworms next to a ruler: The markings are 1 mm apart.]] | [[File:Pinworm.jpg|thumb|Two pinworms next to a ruler: The markings are 1 mm apart.]] | ||
[[File:DSCB4096(anal worms or just toilet paper remainders@).jpg|thumb|Enterobius (pinworms) marked by arrows on the anus.]] | [[File:DSCB4096(anal worms or just toilet paper remainders@).jpg|thumb|Enterobius (pinworms) marked by arrows on the anus.]] | ||
*[[Pruritus ani]] (intense itching of the perianal region) | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Pruritus ani|Pruritus ani]] (intense itching of the perianal region) | ||
**Worse at night | **Worse at night | ||
*Rarer symptoms include [[abdominal pain]], [[appendicitis]] and [[vulvovaginitis]] or [[dysuria]] in females | *Rarer symptoms include [[Special:MyLanguage/abdominal pain|abdominal pain]], [[Special:MyLanguage/appendicitis|appendicitis]] and [[Special:MyLanguage/vulvovaginitis|vulvovaginitis]] or [[Special:MyLanguage/dysuria|dysuria]] in females | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
*Idiopathic pruritus ani | *Idiopathic pruritus ani | ||
*Rectal tenesmus | *Rectal tenesmus | ||
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{{Helminth Types}} | {{Helminth Types}} | ||
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*Tape test | *Tape test | ||
**Most common | **Most common | ||
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*Can also test by examining scrapings under patient's fingernails or examining perianal region 2-3 hours after patient falls asleep | *Can also test by examining scrapings under patient's fingernails or examining perianal region 2-3 hours after patient falls asleep | ||
*Stool analysis does not work because of low egg burden in stool | *Stool analysis does not work because of low egg burden in stool | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
{{Pinworms Treatment}} | |||
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{{Pinworms Treatment}} | |||
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===Prevention=== | ===Prevention=== | ||
*Carefully hand washing after using the toilet, and before and after eating | *Carefully hand washing after using the toilet, and before and after eating | ||
*Thoroughly launder all bedding, clothing, and toys to destroy any lingering eggs | *Thoroughly launder all bedding, clothing, and toys to destroy any lingering eggs | ||
*Launder all bedding every 3-7 days for three weeks | *Launder all bedding every 3-7 days for three weeks | ||
*Wash underwear and pajamas daily for two weeks | *Wash underwear and pajamas daily for two weeks | ||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*Outpatient treatment | *Outpatient treatment | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
*[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/ CDC: Enterobiasis] | *[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/ CDC: Enterobiasis] | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Parasites]] | |||
*[[Pruritus ani]] | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Parasites|Parasites]] | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Pruritus ani|Pruritus ani]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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[[Category:Tropical Medicine]] | [[Category:Tropical Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:GI]] | [[Category:GI]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:51, 4 January 2026
Background
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Colloquially known as Pinworm (United States), Treadworm (UK and Australia), or Seatworm
- Worldwide distribution
- Humans only known reservoir
- Transmitted by fecal-oral route
- Can survive outside of body for up to 3 weeks
Risk Factors
Prevalence can reach up to 50% in these populations
- Age under 18
- Institutionalized
- Cohabitation with infected individual
Clinical Features
.jpg)
- Pruritus ani (intense itching of the perianal region)
- Worse at night
- Rarer symptoms include abdominal pain, appendicitis and vulvovaginitis or dysuria in females
Differential Diagnosis
- Idiopathic pruritus ani
- Rectal tenesmus
Helminth infections
Cestodes (Tapeworms)
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium (Cysticercosis)
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Hymenolepis nana
- Echinococcus granulosus
Trematodes (Flukes)
- Fasciola hepatica
- Fasciolopsis buski
- Opistorchis viverrini
- Schistosoma spp
- Chlonorchis sinensis
- Paragonimus spp.
Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
- Filarial worms
- Hookworm
- Necator americanus
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma braziliense)
- Dracunculiasis
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
- Anisakis
- Toxocara spp.
- Trichinosis
Evaluation
- Tape test
- Most common
- Touch transparent tape to the perianal region and examine for eggs under the microscope
- Can also test by examining scrapings under patient's fingernails or examining perianal region 2-3 hours after patient falls asleep
- Stool analysis does not work because of low egg burden in stool
Management
Treatment targeted against Enterobius vermicularis; All family members should be treated at the same time
Adult
- Mebendazole 100mg PO once, THEN repeat in 2 weeks OR
- Okay during breastfeeding[1]
- Albendazole 400mg PO once, THEN repeat in 2 weeks OR
- Pyrantel Pamoate (Pin-x) 11mg/kg (max 1g), THEN repeat in 2 weeks
- First choice for pregnant patients
- Treat in pregnancy only if the infection is compromising the pregnancy (i.e. weight loss, sleeplessness); withhold until the 3rd trimester if possible.[2]
- First choice for pregnant patients
Pediatric
- 2 years or older:
- Mebendazole 100mg PO once, THEN repeat in 2 weeks OR
- Albendazole 400mg PO once, THEN repeat in 2 weeks OR
- <2 years
- Albendazole 200 mg PO once, THEN repeat in 2 weeks
Prevention
- Carefully hand washing after using the toilet, and before and after eating
- Thoroughly launder all bedding, clothing, and toys to destroy any lingering eggs
- Launder all bedding every 3-7 days for three weeks
- Wash underwear and pajamas daily for two weeks
Disposition
- Outpatient treatment
External Links
See Also
References
- ↑ CDC Resources for Health Professionals. Accessed 5/9/2021. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/health_professionals/index.html
- ↑ CDC Resources for Health Professionals. Accessed 5/9/2021. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/health_professionals/index.html