Template:General opioid chart

General Opioid Analgesics Chart

DRUG	TYPICAL ADULT DOSE	PHARMACOKINETICS	COMMENTS
Morphine	0.1 mg/kg IV 10mg IM 0.3 mg/kg PO	Onset: 1-2 min (IV), 10-15 min (IM/SC) Peak effect: 3-5 min (IV), 15-30 min (IM) Duration: 1-2 h (IV), 3-4 h (IM/SC)	Histamine release may produce transient hypotension or nausea and emesis, neither require routine adjunctive treatment
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)	0.015 mg/kg IV 1-2 mg IM	Onset: 3-5 min (IV) Peak effect: 7-10 min (IV) Duration: 2-4 h (IV)
Fentanyl	1.0 mcg/kg IV	Onset: <1 min (IV) Peak effect: 2-5 min (IV) Duration: 30-60 min (IV)	High doses can cause chest wall rigidity (>5 mcg/kg IV)
Meperidine (Demerol)	1.0-1.5 mg/kg IV/IM	Onset: 5 min (IV) Peak effect: 5-10 min (IV) Duraction 2-3 h (IV)	Contraindicated when patient taking a MAOI Neurotoxicity occur when multiple doses given in the presence of renal failure
Oxycodone	5-10 mg PO 30 mg PR	Onset: 10-15 min (PO) Duration 3-6 h (PO)	Possible inadvertent acetaminophen overdose with combination agents
Hydrocodone	5-10 mg PO	Onset: 30-60 min (PO) Duraction 4-6 h (PO)	Lower incidence of nausea Possible inadvertent acetaminophen overdose with combination agents
Codeine	30-60 mg PO 30-100 mg IM	Onset: 30-60 min (PO) Duraction: 4-6 h (PO)	High incidence of GI side effects Some patients cannot convert to codeine-6-glucuronide and morphine Possible inadvertent acetaminophen overdose with combination agents
Tramadol (Ultram)	50-100 mg PO	Onset: 10-15 min (PO) Duration: 4-6 h (PO)	Central nervous system side effects