Neonatal resuscitation: Difference between revisions
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'' | ''Use this note for the non-delivery related resuscitation of the newborn; see [[newborn resuscitation]] for immediate after-delivery resuscitation.'' | ||
''See [[3.5kg (newborn)|newborn critical care quick reference]] for vital signs and drug doses, and equipment sizes.'' | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Neonate <1mo age | |||
== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Neonate in [[pediatric shock|shock]] | |||
== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Sick neonate DDX}} | |||
==Evaluation== | |||
===Workup=== | |||
* | *Blood glucose (stat) | ||
** | *[[Sepsis (peds)|Sepsis]] workup | ||
* | *Blood gas | ||
** | *[[ECG]] | ||
* | **Treatable conditions include [[SVT]] | ||
*Ammonia, pyruvate and [[lactate]] to rule in [[inborn errors of metabolism]] | |||
**Need to look up values for neonate. Ammonia is high as liver is immature (i.e. that's why neonates are jaundice). Ammonia > 200 requires dialysis | |||
== | ===Evaluation=== | ||
If [[hypoxia|hypoxic]] or evidence of CHF assume CHD | |||
*[[CHF]] in neonate = [[hepatomegaly]], [[wheezing]], gallop | |||
*if unclear, do Hyperoxia test | |||
**place infant on 100% O2 for 10 minutes | |||
**check ABG, if O2<100 torr, highly predictive of CHD | |||
**some use Pulse Ox <95%, less sensitive | |||
*[[KUB|Abdominal xrays]] may help rule in intestinal disaster early | |||
== | {{Pediatric hypoglycemia chart}} | ||
==Management== | |||
*Full [[sepsis]] work-up | |||
**IV [[antibiotics]] and [[fluids]] | |||
*[[Pressors]] if CHD suspected | |||
*[[Intubate]] and give [[PGE]] | |||
**Sides effects of [[PGE]] include apnea (10%) | |||
*If [[inborn error of metabolism]] suspected | |||
**IV [[dextrose]] at 1.5 maintenance | |||
**[[Dialysis]] if ammonia >200 | |||
{{Empiric Treatment for Unstable Neonates}} | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[ | {{Pediatric critical care pages}} | ||
*[ | |||
==External Links== | |||
*[http://pemplaybook.org/podcast/the-undifferentiated-sick-infant/ Pediatric Emergency Playbook Podcast: The Undifferentiated Sick Infant] | |||
**[http://traffic.libsyn.com/pemplaybook/Undifferentiated_Sick_Infant.mp3 The Undifferentiated Sick Infant (mp3 only)] | |||
*[https://emergencymedicinecases.com/neonatal-resuscitation/ EM Cases - Neonatal Resuscitation May 2020] | |||
*Justin Morgenstern, "Resuscitation of the crashing infant (pediatric resuscitation)", First10EM blog, October 24, 2016. Available at: https://first10em.com/crashing-infant/. | |||
==Video== | |||
{{#widget:YouTube|id=B6jEgEexbEU}} | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Critical Care]] |
Latest revision as of 12:31, 13 October 2020
Use this note for the non-delivery related resuscitation of the newborn; see newborn resuscitation for immediate after-delivery resuscitation.
See newborn critical care quick reference for vital signs and drug doses, and equipment sizes.
Background
- Neonate <1mo age
Clinical Features
- Neonate in shock
Differential Diagnosis
Sick Neonate
THE MISFITS [1]
- Trauma
- Heart
- Congenital heart disease
- Hypovolemia
- Endocrine
- Metabolic
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Glucose
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Seizure
- Formula / feeding problems
- Intestinal Disasters
- Toxin
- Sepsis
Evaluation
Workup
- Blood glucose (stat)
- Sepsis workup
- Blood gas
- ECG
- Treatable conditions include SVT
- Ammonia, pyruvate and lactate to rule in inborn errors of metabolism
- Need to look up values for neonate. Ammonia is high as liver is immature (i.e. that's why neonates are jaundice). Ammonia > 200 requires dialysis
Evaluation
If hypoxic or evidence of CHF assume CHD
- CHF in neonate = hepatomegaly, wheezing, gallop
- if unclear, do Hyperoxia test
- place infant on 100% O2 for 10 minutes
- check ABG, if O2<100 torr, highly predictive of CHD
- some use Pulse Ox <95%, less sensitive
- Abdominal xrays may help rule in intestinal disaster early
Pediatric Hypoglycemia Dextrose Chart
Category | Age | Glucose | Treatment | Initial IV Bolus | Maintenance Dose |
Neonatal | <2mo | <40 | D10W | 2.5-5 mL/kg | 6 mL/kg/h |
Pediatric | 2mo-8yrs | <60 | D25W | 2 mL/kg |
D10W:
|
Adult | >8yrs | <70 | D50W | 50mL (1 amp) OR 1 mL/kg |
- Consider diluting the D25W or D50W bolus, with NS 1-to-1, as those concentrations may be sclerosing to veins
- Recheck 5 minutes after dose and repeat dose if low.
- Consider glucagon IM/SQ if IV access is not readily available
Management
- Full sepsis work-up
- IV antibiotics and fluids
- Pressors if CHD suspected
- Intubate and give PGE
- Sides effects of PGE include apnea (10%)
- If inborn error of metabolism suspected
Empiric Treatment for Unstable Neonates
Medication/Intervention | Indication | Dose/Size (for neonate) |
Glucose | Hypoglycemia | 5–10 mL/kg of 10% dextrose in water IV |
3% normal saline | Symptomatic hyponatremia | 3–5 mL/kg bolus IV |
Calcium | Hypocalcemia | 50–100 milligrams/kg calcium gluconate or 20 milligrams/kg calcium chloride IV |
Cefotaxime | Infection | 50 milligrams/kg IV |
Ampicillin | Infection | 50 milligrams/kg IV |
Gentamicin | Infection | 2.5 milligrams/kg IV |
Packed red blood cells | Anemia | 10 mL/kg IV |
Normal saline | Hypotension, dehydration | 5-10 mL/kg IV aliquots (up to 60-80 mL/kg) |
10% dextrose in one fourth normal saline | Metabolic disease | 1.5 maintenance (6 mL/kg/h for the first 10 kg) |
Endotracheal intubation | Hypoventilation or frequent apnea | <3mm for preemie; 3mm for term neonate, 3.5mm for older infant; cuffed tube prefered if not premature |
See Also
Pediatric Critical Care
- Critical care quick reference
- Neonatal resuscitation
- Newborn resuscitation
- PALS (Main)
- Intubation (peds)
- Initial mechanical ventilation settings (peds)
- Vital signs (peds)
External Links
- Pediatric Emergency Playbook Podcast: The Undifferentiated Sick Infant
- EM Cases - Neonatal Resuscitation May 2020
- Justin Morgenstern, "Resuscitation of the crashing infant (pediatric resuscitation)", First10EM blog, October 24, 2016. Available at: https://first10em.com/crashing-infant/.
Video
{{#widget:YouTube|id=B6jEgEexbEU}}
References
- ↑ Brousseau T, Sharieff GQ. Newborn emergencies: the first 30 days of life. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Feb;53(1):69-84, vi.