Clindamycin: Difference between revisions
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**Final concentration should not exceed 18 mg/mL
**Final concentration should not exceed 18 mg/mL


==[[Antibiotic Spectra]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2010</ref>==
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''[[Gram Positives]]'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Group'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
|-
|-
| [[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||+
| Gram Positive||[[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| [[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||+
| ||[[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| [[Viridans strep]]||
| ||[[Viridans strep]]||X1
|-
|-
| [[Strep. milleri]]||
| ||Strep. anginosus gp||X1
|-
|-
| [[Enterococcus faecalis]]||0
| ||[[Enterococcus faecalis]]||R
|-
|-
| [[Enterococcus faecium]]||0
| ||[[Enterococcus faecium]]||R
|-
|-
| Staph. aureus ([[MSSA]])||+
| ||[[MSSA]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| Staph. aureus ([[MRSA]])||0
| ||[[MRSA]]||R
|-
|-
| Staph. aureus ([[CA-MRSA]])||+/-
| ||[[CA-MRSA]]||I
|-
|-
| [[Staph. Epidermidis]]||0
| ||[[Staph. Epidermidis]]||R
|-
|-
| [[C. jeikeium]]||0
| ||[[C. jeikeium]]||R
|-
|-
| [[L. monocytogenes]]||
| ||[[L. monocytogenes]]||X1
|-
| Gram Negatives||[[N. gonorrhoeae]]||R
|-
| ||[[N. meningitidis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]||R
|-
| ||[[H. influenzae]]||R
|-
| ||[[E. coli]]||R
|-
| ||[[Klebsiella]] sp||R
|-
| ||E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+||R
|-
| ||E coli/Klebsiella KPC+||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC neg||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC pos||R
|-
| ||[[Serratia]] sp||X1
|-
| ||Serratia marcescens||R
|-
| ||[[Salmonella]] sp||R
|-
| ||[[Shigella]] sp||R
|-
| ||[[Proteus mirabilis]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Proteus vulgaris]]||R
|-
| ||[[Providencia sp.]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Morganella sp.]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter freundii]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter diversus]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter sp.]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Aeromonas sp]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Acinetobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]||R
|-
| ||[[Burkholderia cepacia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]||R
|-
| ||[[Francisella tularensis]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Brucella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Legionella sp.]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Pasteurella multocida]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]||X2
|-
| ||[[Vibrio vulnificus]]||X1
|-
| Misc||[[Chlamydophila sp]]||I
|-
| ||[[Mycoplasm pneumoniae]]||R
|-
| ||[[Rickettsia sp]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Mycobacterium avium]]||X1
|-
| Anaerobes||[[Actinomyces]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Bacteroides fragilis]]||I
|-
| ||[[Prevotella melaninogenica]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Clostridium difficile]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Clostridium (not difficile)]]||I
|-
| ||[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Peptostreptococcus sp.]]||'''S'''
|}
|}
===Key===
===Key===
*'''+''' usually effective clinically or >60% susceptible
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
*'''+/-''' clinical trials lacking or 30-60% susceptible
*'''0''' not effective clinically or <30% susceptible
*'''blank''' data not available


==See Also==
==See Also==

Revision as of 04:45, 26 June 2014

General

  • Type: Other antibiotics
  • Dosage Forms: IM, IV, PO (75mg; 150mg; 300mg; 75mg/5mL)
  • Common Trade Names: Cleocin

Adult Dosing

General

  • PO:
    • 150-450mg PO q6h
    • First Dose: 150-450mg PO x 1
    • Max: 450 mg/dose PO (increased risk of C. diff at higher doses)
  • IM:
    • 1200-2700 mg/day IM divided q6-12h
    • First Dose: 600 mg IM x 1
    • Max: 600 mg/dose IM
  • IV
    • 1200-2700 mg/day IV divided q6-12h
    • First Dose: 600-900 mg IV x 1
    • 4800 mg/day IV

Cellulitis Possibly due to MRSA (Unlabled Use)[1]

  • 300-450mg PO q8hr x 5-10 days

Strep. Pharyngitis

  • 300mg PO q8 x 10 days

Bacterial Vaginosis

PID

  • PO (Mild-mod)
    • 450mg PO q6h x 14 days
    • Use with ceftriaxone or cefoxitin/probenecid if no proceeding IV treatment
  • IV (Severe)
    • 900mg IV q8
    • Use with gentamicin and switch to PO after 24h of clinical improvement

Babesiosis

  • 600 mg PO q8h x 7-10 days
  • Alt: 300-600mg IV q6h x 7-10 days
    • First Dose: 300-600mg IV x 1
  • Give with Quinine (650mg TID); use IV for severe infections

Pediatric Dosing

General Infection (Severe)

  • <1 week old
    • <2kg
      • 10 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q12
      • First Dose: 5 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
    • >2kg
      • 15 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h
      • First Dose: 5 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
  • 1 week - 1 month
    • <1.2kg
      • 10 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q12h
      • First Dose: 5 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
    • 1.2-2kg
      • 15 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h
      • First Dose: 5 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
    • >2kg
      • 20 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6-8h
      • Alt: 30 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6h
      • First Dose: 5-7.5 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
  • >1 Month - Children
    • 25-40 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6-8h
    • First Dose: 6.25-13.3 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
    • Max: 4.8 g/day IM/IV
  • Adolescents
    • 25-40 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6-8h
    • First Dose: 6.25-13.3 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
    • Max: 4.8 g/day IM/IV

General Infection (Mild-Moderate)

  • Infants & Children
    • PO:
      • 10-25 mg/kg/day PO divided q6-8h
      • First Dose: 2.5-8.3 mg/kg PO x 1
      • Max: 1.8 g/day PO
    • IM/IV:
      • 15-25 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6-8
      • First Dose: 3.75-8.3 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
      • 4.8 g/day IM/IV
  • Adolescents
    • PO:
      • 150-300mg PO q6h
      • First Dose: 150-300mg PO x 1
      • Max: 1.8 g/day PO
    • IM/IV:
      • 25-40 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6-8h
      • First Dose: 6.25-13.3 mg/kg IM/IV x 1
      • Max: 4.8 g/day IM/IV

Cellulitis Possibly due to MRSA (Unlabeled Use)[2]

  • 10-13 mg/kg/dose q6-8hrs PO x 5-10 days
  • First Dose: 2.5-4.3 mg/kg PO x 1
  • Max: 40 mg/kg/day

Otitis Media, Acute

  • 2mo-5yo
    • 30-40 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h x 10 days
  • 6-12yo
    • 30-40 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h x 5-10 days

Sinusitis

  • 30-40 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h x 10-14 days
  • Use with cefixime or cefpodoxime

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

  • 7 mg/kg PO q8h x 10 days
  • Max: 300mg/dose

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (>3mo)

  • IV (Mod-Severe): 40 mg/kg/day IV divided q6-8h x 10-14 days
  • PO (Mild): 30-40 mg/kg/day PO divided q6-8h x 7-10 days

Babesiosis

  • 20-40 mg/kg/day PO/IV divided q6-8h x 7-10 days
  • Max: 600 mg/dose
  • Info: Use with quinine

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: B
  • Lactation: Possibly unsafe (enters breast milk/not recommended)
  • Renal Dosing (Adult & Pediatric)
    • No adjustment
    • No supplement for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
  • Hepatic Dosing (Adult & Pediatric)
    • No adjustment
  • Geriatric: See adult dosing

Contraindications

Black Box

  • High risk for C. difficile associated diarrhea
    • Reserve for serious infections where there is not alternative
    • Discontinue immediately if significant diarrhea, abdominal cramps, or passage of blood or mucus with use

General

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • Ulcerative colitis

Adverse Reactions

Serious

Common

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 2.4-3h
  • Metabolism: Liver; CYP450
  • Excretion: Urine, feces
  • Mechanism of Action: Bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on bug/concentration

Administration

  • PO:
    • Give with full glass of water (minimize esophageal ulceration)
    • Give spread around the day to promote constant serum levels
  • IM:
    • Give to deep I.M. sites
    • Rotate sites
    • Do not exceed 600 mg per injection
  • IV:
    • Do NOT give as bolus
    • Give by intermittent infusion over >10-60 minutes
    • Max rate: 30 mg/minute (do not exceed 1200 mg/hour)
    • Final concentration should not exceed 18 mg/mL

Antibiotic Sensitivities[3]

Group Organism Sensitivity
Gram Positive Strep. Group A, B, C, G S
Strep. Pneumoniae S
Viridans strep X1
Strep. anginosus gp X1
Enterococcus faecalis R
Enterococcus faecium R
MSSA S
MRSA R
CA-MRSA I
Staph. Epidermidis R
C. jeikeium R
L. monocytogenes X1
Gram Negatives N. gonorrhoeae R
N. meningitidis R
Moraxella catarrhalis R
H. influenzae R
E. coli R
Klebsiella sp R
E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ R
E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos R
Serratia sp X1
Serratia marcescens R
Salmonella sp R
Shigella sp R
Proteus mirabilis X1
Proteus vulgaris R
Providencia sp. X1
Morganella sp. X1
Citrobacter freundii X1
Citrobacter diversus X1
Citrobacter sp. X1
Aeromonas sp X1
Acinetobacter sp. R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R
Burkholderia cepacia R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R
Yersinia enterocolitica R
Francisella tularensis X1
Brucella sp. R
Legionella sp. X1
Pasteurella multocida X1
Haemophilus ducreyi X2
Vibrio vulnificus X1
Misc Chlamydophila sp I
Mycoplasm pneumoniae R
Rickettsia sp X1
Mycobacterium avium X1
Anaerobes Actinomyces S
Bacteroides fragilis I
Prevotella melaninogenica S
Clostridium difficile X1
Clostridium (not difficile) I
Fusobacterium necrophorum S
Peptostreptococcus sp. S

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

Source

  • Epocrates
  • Lexicomp
  1. ↑ Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al, “Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Adults and Children: Executive Summary,” Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(3):285-92. PubMed 21217178
  2. ↑ Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al, “Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Adults and Children: Executive Summary,” Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(3):285-92. PubMed 21217178
  3. ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
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