High-pressure injection injury: Difference between revisions
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*Occurs with grease, paint, and fuel guns; usually injected into non-dominant hand | *Occurs with grease, paint, and fuel guns; usually injected into non-dominant hand | ||
*Most important factor is type of injected material | *Most important factor is type of injected material | ||
**Paint produces large, early inflammatory response | **Paint produces large, early inflammatory response with high rate of amputation | ||
**Grease causes small inflammatory response | **Grease causes small inflammatory response with lower rate of amputation | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
Revision as of 18:22, 13 July 2016
Background
- Surgical emergency
- Amputation rates are as high as 30%
- Occurs with grease, paint, and fuel guns; usually injected into non-dominant hand
- Most important factor is type of injected material
- Paint produces large, early inflammatory response with high rate of amputation
- Grease causes small inflammatory response with lower rate of amputation
Clinical Features
- Most frequently in hand/fingers
- Benign appearance of small injection site in immediate post-injection period is misleading
- With time digit becomes edematous, pale, and severely tender to palpation
Differential Diagnosis
Hand and finger injuries
- Distal finger
- Other finger/thumb
- Boutonniere deformity
- Mallet finger
- Jammed finger
- Jersey finger
- Trigger finger
- Ring avulsion injury
- De Quervain tenosynovitis
- Infiltrative tenosynovitis
- Metacarpophalangeal ulnar ligament rupture (Gamekeeper's thumb)
- Hand
- Wrist
- Drummer's wrist
- Ganglion cyst
- Lunotriquetral ligament instability
- Scaphoid fracture
- Extensor digitorum tenosynovitis
- Compressive neuropathy ("bracelet syndrome")
- Intersection syndrome
- Snapping Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Vaughn Jackson syndrome
- General
Diagnosis
- Usually clinical
- Consider X-ray
- May show extent of injection of radiopaque substances
Management
- Splint and Elevate
- Emergent ortho/hand surgeon consult
- Early surgical decompression and debridement
- >10hours to OR with increased amp rates
- Tetanus
- Antibiotics
- Analgesia
- Digital blocks are contraindicated
Disposition
- Admission