Cefaloglycin: Difference between revisions

(Created page with "== General == * '''Type:''' 1st generation Cephalosporin * '''Dosage Forms:''' Capsule * '''Dosage Strengths:''' 250mg, 500mg * '''Routes of Administration:''' Oral (PO) * '''Common Trade Names:''' Kafocin (Discontinued in many markets), Kefoglycin * '''Note:''' Historically significant but largely replaced by Cephalexin due to Cefaloglycin's poor absorption, low serum levels, and higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. == Adult Dosing == === General === * ''...")
 
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== General ==
==General==
* '''Type:''' 1st generation Cephalosporin
*Type: [[Is Generation::1st generation]] [[Is DrugClass::Cephalosporin]]
* '''Dosage Forms:''' Capsule
*Dosage Forms: capsule
* '''Dosage Strengths:''' 250mg, 500mg
*Dosage Strengths: 250mg, 500mg
* '''Routes of Administration:''' Oral (PO)
*Routes of Administration: PO
* '''Common Trade Names:''' Kafocin (Discontinued in many markets), Kefoglycin
*Common Trade Names: Kefoglycin
* '''Note:''' Historically significant but largely replaced by Cephalexin due to Cefaloglycin's poor absorption, low serum levels, and higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.


== Adult Dosing ==
==Adult Dosing==
=== General ===
===General===
* '''Mild-Moderate Infection:''' 250mg PO q6h
*Mild-Mod: 250mg PO q6h
* '''Severe Infection:''' 500mg PO q6h
*Severe: 500mg PO q6h
* '''Max:''' 4g/day
*Max: 4g/day


=== Urinary Tract Infection ===
===[[UTI]], Uncomplicated===
* '''Acute/Chronic:''' 250mg – 500mg PO q6h
*250-500mg PO q6h
* Note: Provides adequate concentrations in urine despite low serum levels.


=== Skin and Soft Tissue ===
==Pediatric Dosing==
* 500mg PO q6h
===General (>1 Month)===
*25-50mg/kg/day PO divided q6h
*Max: 4g/day


== Pediatric Dosing ==
==Special Populations==
=== General ===
*Pregnancy: B
* '''Usual Dosage:''' 25–50 mg/kg/day PO divided q6h
*Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; use caution
* '''Severe Infections:''' may increase to effect, not to exceed adult maximums.
*Renal
* '''Note:''' Not recommended for infants < 1 month.
**Adult
***CrCl <10 or significant impairment: Modify interval (data limited on specific adjustments, often avoided in severe failure due to ineffective urine concentrations)
*Hepatic
**Not defined


== Special Populations ==
==Contraindications==
* '''Pregnancy:''' B
*Allergy to class/drug
* '''Lactation:''' Excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; use with caution.
* '''Renal'''
** '''Adult'''
*** CrCl >50: Usual regimen
*** CrCl 10-50: Administer q12h
*** CrCl <10: Administer q24h
*** Hemodialysis: Moderately dialyzable; give dose after session.
* '''Hepatic'''
** No specific adjustment defined; caution recommended.


== Contraindications ==
==Adverse Reactions==
* Hypersensitivity/Allergy to Cephalosporins
===Serious===
* History of immediate anaphylactic reaction to Penicillins
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]]
*[[Clostridium difficile]] Associated Diarrhea
*Neutropenia
*Nephrotoxicity (rare)


== Adverse Reactions ==
===Common===
=== Serious ===
*[[Diarrhea]] (Higher incidence compared to other cephalosporins)
* Anaphylaxis
*[[Nausea and Vomiting]]
* Angioedema
*[[Abdominal Pain]]
* Pseudomembranous colitis (''C. difficile'')
*[[Rash]]
* Steven-Johnson Syndrome
*Urticaria
* Neutropenia (rare)
*Dyspepsia
*Glossitis


=== Common ===
==Pharmacology==
* '''Diarrhea''' (High frequency compared to other cephalosporins)
*Half-life: 1.5h
* Nausea/Vomiting
*Metabolism: Limited hepatic metabolism; deacetylated to desacetylcephaloglycin
* Abdominal pain
*Excretion: Urine (excreted unchanged)
* Rash/Urticaria
*Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; binds to penicillin binding proteins and inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis
* Vaginitis / Moniliasis
* Dizziness
* Headache


== Pharmacology ==
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy</ref>==
* '''Absorption:''' Absorbed from GI tract but produces relatively low serum levels compared to Cephalexin.
* '''Half-life:''' ~1.5 hours in normal renal function.
* '''Metabolism:''' partly deacetylated in the body to desacetylcephaloglycin (which is also active).
* '''Excretion:''' Urine (high concentrations).
* '''Mechanism of Action:''' Bactericidal; interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
 
== Antibiotic Sensitivities ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Group !! Organism !! Sensitivity
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Group'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Gram Positive'''
| Gram Positive||[[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||'''S'''
| Strep. Group A, B, C, G || '''S'''
|-
|-
| Strep. Pneumoniae || '''S'''
| ||[[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| Viridans strep || '''S'''
| ||[[Viridans strep]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| Strep. anginosus gp || X1
| ||Strep. anginosus gp||X1
|-
|-
| Enterococcus faecalis || R
| ||[[Enterococcus faecalis]]||R
|-
|-
| Enterococcus faecium || R
| ||[[Enterococcus faecium]]||R
|-
|-
| MSSA || '''S'''
| ||[[MSSA]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| MRSA || R
| ||[[MRSA]]||R
|-
|-
| CA-MRSA || R
| ||[[CA-MRSA]]||R
|-
|-
| Staph. Epidermidis || I
| ||[[Staph. Epidermidis]]||I
|-
|-
| C. jeikeium || R
| ||[[C. jeikeium]]||R
|-
|-
| L. monocytogenes || R
| ||[[L. monocytogenes]]||R
|-
|-
| rowspan="27" | '''Gram Negatives'''
| Gram Negatives||[[N. gonorrhoeae]]||X1
| N. gonorrhoeae || I
|-
|-
| N. meningitidis || X1
| ||[[N. meningitidis]]||R
|-
|-
| Moraxella catarrhalis || I
| ||[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]||I
|-
|-
| H. influenzae || R
| ||[[H. influenzae]]||I
|-
|-
| E. coli || '''S'''
| ||[[E. coli]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| Klebsiella sp || '''S'''
| ||[[Klebsiella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
|-
| E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ || R
| ||E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+||R
|-
|-
| E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ || R
| ||E coli/Klebsiella KPC+||R
|-
|-
| Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg || R
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC neg||R
|-
|-
| Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos || R
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC pos||R
|-
|-
| Serratia sp || R
| ||[[Serratia]] sp||R
|-
|-
| Serratia marcescens || R
| ||Serratia marcescens||R
|-
|-
| Salmonella sp || I
| ||[[Salmonella]] sp||X1
|-
|-
| Shigella sp || I
| ||[[Shigella]] sp||X1
|-
|-
| Proteus mirabilis || '''S'''
| ||[[Proteus mirabilis]]||'''S'''
|-
|-
| Proteus vulgaris || R
| ||[[Proteus vulgaris]]||R
|-
|-
| Providencia sp. || R
| ||[[Providencia sp.]]||R
|-
|-
| Morganella sp. || R
| ||[[Morganella sp.]]||R
|-
|-
| Citrobacter freundii || R
| ||[[Citrobacter freundii]]||R
|-
|-
| Citrobacter diversus || I
| ||[[Citrobacter diversus]]||R
|-
|-
| Citrobacter sp. || R
| ||[[Citrobacter sp.]]||R
|-
|-
| Aeromonas sp || R
| ||[[Aeromonas sp]]||R
|-
|-
| Acinetobacter sp. || R
| ||[[Acinetobacter sp.]]||R
|-
|-
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa || R
| ||[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]||R
|-
|-
| Burkholderia cepacia || R
| ||[[Burkholderia cepacia]]||R
|-
|-
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia || R
| ||[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]]||R
|-
|-
| Yersinia enterocolitica || R
| ||[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]||R
|-
|-
| rowspan="6" | '''Additional GN'''
| ||[[Francisella tularensis]]||X1
| Francisella tularensis || X1
|-
|-
| Brucella sp. || X1
| ||[[Brucella sp.]]||X1
|-
|-
| Legionella sp. || R
| ||[[Legionella sp.]]||R
|-
|-
| Pasteurella multocida || I
| ||[[Pasteurella multocida]]||X1
|-
|-
| Haemophilus ducreyi || X1
| ||[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]||X1
|-
|-
| Vibrio vulnificus || X1
| ||[[Vibrio vulnificus]]||X1
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''Misc'''
| Misc||[[Chlamydophila sp]]||X1
| Chlamydophila sp || R
|-
|-
| Mycoplasm pneumoniae || R
| ||[[Mycoplasm pneumoniae]]||X1
|-
|-
| Rickettsia sp || R
| ||[[Rickettsia sp]]||X1
|-
|-
| Mycobacterium avium || R
| ||[[Mycobacterium avium]]||R
|-
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''Anaerobes'''
| Anaerobes||[[Actinomyces]]||X1
| Actinomyces || '''S'''
|-
|-
| Bacteroides fragilis || R
| ||[[Bacteroides fragilis]]||R
|-
|-
| Prevotella melaninogenica || X1
| ||[[Prevotella melaninogenica]]||X1
|-
|-
| Clostridium difficile || X1
| ||[[Clostridium difficile]]||X1
|-
|-
| Clostridium (not difficile) || I
| ||[[Clostridium (not difficile)]]||X1
|-
|-
| Fusobacterium necrophorum || X1
| ||[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]||X1
|-
|-
| Peptostreptococcus sp. || '''S'''
| ||[[Peptostreptococcus sp.]]||X1
|}
|}
'''Note:''' As a first-generation cephalosporin, Cefaloglycin shares a resistance profile almost identical to Cephalexin. "S" indicates Sensitive, "R" indicates Resistant, "I" indicates Intermediate, and "X1" indicates no specific data/reference.


== References ==
===Key===
* Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
* American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (AHFS Drug Information)
 
* FDA Approved Labeling (Reference ID: Kafocin)
==See Also==
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]]
 
==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 27 January 2026

General

  • Type: 1st generation Cephalosporin
  • Dosage Forms: capsule
  • Dosage Strengths: 250mg, 500mg
  • Routes of Administration: PO
  • Common Trade Names: Kefoglycin

Adult Dosing

General

  • Mild-Mod: 250mg PO q6h
  • Severe: 500mg PO q6h
  • Max: 4g/day

UTI, Uncomplicated

  • 250-500mg PO q6h

Pediatric Dosing

General (>1 Month)

  • 25-50mg/kg/day PO divided q6h
  • Max: 4g/day

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: B
  • Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; use caution
  • Renal
    • Adult
      • CrCl <10 or significant impairment: Modify interval (data limited on specific adjustments, often avoided in severe failure due to ineffective urine concentrations)
  • Hepatic
    • Not defined

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug

Adverse Reactions

Serious

Common

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 1.5h
  • Metabolism: Limited hepatic metabolism; deacetylated to desacetylcephaloglycin
  • Excretion: Urine (excreted unchanged)
  • Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; binds to penicillin binding proteins and inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis

Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]

Group Organism Sensitivity
Gram Positive Strep. Group A, B, C, G S
Strep. Pneumoniae S
Viridans strep S
Strep. anginosus gp X1
Enterococcus faecalis R
Enterococcus faecium R
MSSA S
MRSA R
CA-MRSA R
Staph. Epidermidis I
C. jeikeium R
L. monocytogenes R
Gram Negatives N. gonorrhoeae X1
N. meningitidis R
Moraxella catarrhalis I
H. influenzae I
E. coli S
Klebsiella sp S
E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ R
E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos R
Serratia sp R
Serratia marcescens R
Salmonella sp X1
Shigella sp X1
Proteus mirabilis S
Proteus vulgaris R
Providencia sp. R
Morganella sp. R
Citrobacter freundii R
Citrobacter diversus R
Citrobacter sp. R
Aeromonas sp R
Acinetobacter sp. R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R
Burkholderia cepacia R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R
Yersinia enterocolitica R
Francisella tularensis X1
Brucella sp. X1
Legionella sp. R
Pasteurella multocida X1
Haemophilus ducreyi X1
Vibrio vulnificus X1
Misc Chlamydophila sp X1
Mycoplasm pneumoniae X1
Rickettsia sp X1
Mycobacterium avium R
Anaerobes Actinomyces X1
Bacteroides fragilis R
Prevotella melaninogenica X1
Clostridium difficile X1
Clostridium (not difficile) X1
Fusobacterium necrophorum X1
Peptostreptococcus sp. X1

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy
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