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| {| class="wikitable" | | {{#ask: [[Is DrugClass::Benzodiazepine]] | ?SeizureDose=Dose | ?BrandName=Trade Name}} |
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| ! Dislocation Type
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| ! Frequency
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| ! Mechanism
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| ! Additional Comments
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| ! Associated with fracture
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| ! Image
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| | '''Anterior'''
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| *Most common
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| *Spontaneously while patient is yawning, "popping" ears, or laughing
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| *Risk factors:
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| **Prior dislocation
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| **Weakness or laxity of capsule
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| **Ligamentous injury
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| *Mandibular condyle forced in front of the articular eminence
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| *
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| [[File:Anterior Dislocation.jpeg|100px]] | |
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| | '''Posterior'''
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| *Rare
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| *
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| *
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| *
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| [[File:Posterior Dislocation.jpeg|100px]]
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| | '''Lateral'''
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| *Rare
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| *
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| *
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| *
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| [[File:Lateral Dislocation.jpeg|100px]]
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| |-
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| | '''Superior'''
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| *Rare
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| *
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| *
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| *
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| [[File:Superior Dislocation.jpeg|100px]]
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| |} | |
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| ==Background==
| | [[Scarlet_fever_1.2.jpg|thumb|"Slapped cheeks" and "white mustache" (circumoral pallor) typical of scarlet fever.]] |
| ===Posterior Dislocation===
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| *Follows a blow to the mandible that may or may not break the condylar neck
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| *Condylar head may prolapse into the external auditory canal
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| ===Lateral Dislocation===
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| *Often associated with mandibular fracture
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| ===Superior Dislocation===
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| *Occur from blow to the partially opened mouth
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| *Associated with cerebral contusions, facial nerve palsy, deafness
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| ==EX==
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| while the other types are rare. '''Anterior''' dislocation shifts the lower jaw forward if the mouth excessively opens. This type of dislocation may happen bilaterally or unilaterally after yawning. The muscles that are affected during anterior jaw dislocation are the [[masseter]] and [[temporalis]] which pull up on the mandible and the [[lateral pterygoid muscle|lateral pterygoid]] which relaxes the [[mandibular condyle]]. The condyle can get locked in front of the [[articular eminence]]. '''Posterior''' dislocation is possible for people who get injured by being punched in the chin. This dislocation will push the jaw back affecting the alignment of the [[mandibular condyle]] and [[mastoid]]. The external auditory canal may be fractured. '''Superior''' dislocations occur after being punched below the mandibular ramus as the mouth remains half-open. Since great force occurs in a punch, the angle of the jaw will be forced upward moving towards the [[condylar]] head. This can result in a fracture of the glenoid fossa and displacement of the condyle into the [[middle cranial fossa]], potentially injuring the [[facial nerve|facial]] and [[vestibulocochlear nerve]]s and the [[temporal lobe]]. '''Lateral''' dislocations move the mandibular condyle away from the skull and are likely to happen together with jaw fractures.<ref name=EMedicine823775/><ref name=pmid21474286>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ijom.2011.02.031 |pmid=21474286 |title=Management of long-standing mandibular dislocation |journal=International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |volume=40 |issue=8 |pages=810–4 |year=2011 |last1=Huang |first1=I-Y. |last2=Chen |first2=C.-M. |last3=Kao |first3=Y.-H. |last4=Chen |first4=C.-M. |last5=Wu |first5=C.-W. }}</ref>
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| Posterior, superior and lateral dislocations are uncommon injuries and usually result from high-energy trauma to the chin. By contrast, anterior dislocations are more often the result of low-energy trauma (e.g. [[tooth extraction]]) or secondary to a medical condition that affects the stability of the joint (e.g. [[seizure]]s, ligamentous laxity, degeneration of joint capsule).
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