Diazoxide
General
- Type: Antihypertensive, hyperglycemic
- Routes of administration: PO, IV (discontinued in US)
- Non-diuretic thiazide, arterial vasodilator
- Used to treat severe hypertension
- Reflex response leads to tachycardia and increased cardiac output
Adult Dosing
- 1-3 mg/kg IV (maximum 150 mg)
- 3-8 mg/kg/day PO divided into 2-3 doses
Pediatric Dosing
- 3-8 mg/kg/day PO divided into 2-3 doses
Special Populations
- Pregnancy: C
- Lactation: Infant risk cannot be ruled out
- Renal Dosing: reduce dose
- Hepatic Dosing:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Functional hypoglycemia
- Aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Adverse Effects
Serious
- CHF, MI
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Fluid retention
- DKA, HHS, hyperglycemia
- Hypernatremia
- Bowel obstruction
- Pancreatitis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Cataract
Common
- Hypotension
- Palpitations, tachycardia
- Dizziness, asthenia
- Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, increased uric acid level
- Hirsutism
- Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
- Neutropenia
Interactions
- May potentiate warfarin's anticoagulant effects
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 20-36 hours
- Metabolism: hepatic
- Excretion: Renal
==Mechanism of Action
- Hyperglycemic: inhibits pancreatic insulin release
- Antihypertensive: arteriolar vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
References
Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999 Epocrates