Prednisolone: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Ostermayer (talk | contribs) (Text replacement - "Category:Drugs" to "Category:Pharmacology") |
||
Line 141: | Line 141: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pharmacology]] |
Revision as of 15:53, 22 March 2016
General
- Type: Corticosteroid
- Dosage Forms: 5; 5,15,25/5 mL
- Common Trade Names: Flo-Pred, Millipred, Oraped, Pedipred, Prelone, Veripred 20
Adult Dosing
Corticosteroid-responsive conditions
- 5-60 mg/day PO divided qd-qid
Asthma, acute
- ED/hospital: 40-80 mg/day PO divided qd-bid, cont. until peak flow = 70% predicted
- Outpatient burst tx: 40-60 mg/day PO divided qd-bid x 3-10 days
Asthma, severe persistent
- 7.5-60 mg PO qd-qod
Adrenal insufficiency
- 4-5 mg/m^2 PO qd
Multiple sclerosis, acute exacerbation
- 200 mg PO qd x 1 wk, then 80 mg PO qod x 1 mo
Alcoholic hepatitis, acute
- 40 mg PO qd
Pediatric Dosing
Corticosteroid-responsive conditions
- 0.14-2 mg/kg/day PO divided qd-qid
Asthma, acute
- ED/hospital: 1-2 mg/kg/day PO divided qd-bid
- Max: 60 mg/day, cont. until peak flow = 70% predicted
- Outpatient burst tx: 1-2 mg/kg/day PO divided qd-bid x 3-10 days
- Max: 60 mg/day
Asthma, severe persistent
- 0.25-2 mg/kg PO qd-qod
- Max 60 mg/day
Adrenal insufficiency
- 4-5 mg/m^2 PO qd
Nephrotic syndrome
- 60 mg/m^2/day PO divided tid x 4 wk, then 40 mg/m^2 PO qod x 4 wk
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation: Probably Safe
- Renal Dosing
- Adult: no adjustment
- Pediatric: no adjustment
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult: not defined
- Pediatric: not defined
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- systemic fungal infection
- active or recent varicella infection
- active or recent measles infection
- avoid abrupt withdrawal (high dose or long-term use)
- caution if active infection
- caution if TB infection
- caution if ocular HSV
- caution if immunosuppressed
- caution if HTN
- caution if CHF
- caution if diabetes mellitus
- caution if seizure disorder
- caution if PUD
- caution if ulcerative colitis
- caution if diverticulitis
- caution if recent intestinal anastomosis
- caution if psychiatric disorder
- caution if hypothyroidism
- caution if osteoporosis
- caution if myasthenia gravis
- caution if renal impairment, severe
- caution if hepatic impairment, severe
- caution if thromboembolic disorder
- caution if coagulation disorder
- caution in elderly pts
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- adrenal insufficiency
- Cushing syndrome
- immunosuppression
- infection
- HTN
- CHF
- diabetes mellitus
- steroid psychosis
- GI perforation/ulcer
- osteopenia/osteoporosis
- hypokalemic alkalosis
- steroid myopathy
- tendon rupture
- pseudotumor cerebri
- ICP incr.
- seizures
- glaucoma
- cataracts
- pancreatitis
- growth suppression (long-term use, peds pts)
- exophthalmos
- anaphylaxis
- withdrawal sx if abrupt D/C (high dose or long-term use)
Common
- sodium and fluid retention
- diaphoresis
- headache
- vertigo
- insomnia
- nervousness
- mood swings
- edema
- muscle weakness
- BP elevated
- glucose intolerance
- petechiae/ecchymosis
- facial erythema
- menstrual irregularities
- hypokalemia
- IOP incr.
- impaired wound healing (long-term use)
- Cushing syndrome
- skin pigmentation abnormality
- hirsutism
- urticaria
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 18-36h
- Metabolism: liver, CYP450: 3A4 substrate
- Excretion: urine
- Mechanism of Action: exact mechanism of anti-inflammatory action unknown; inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines; produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects