Environmental heat diagnoses: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
#Heat cramps | #[[Heat cramps]] | ||
#* | #*Mild: oral electrolyte solution | ||
#Heat syncope | #*Severe: IV NSS | ||
#* | #[[Heat syncope]] | ||
#Heat exhaustion | #*Supine position | ||
#* | #[[Heat exhaustion]] | ||
#* | #*Mild: oral fluid replacement | ||
#* | #*Severe: IV fluid replacement and replete electrolytes as needed | ||
# | #[[Heat stroke]] | ||
#* | #*ABCs | ||
#*Rapid cooling | |||
#*IVF, replete electrolytes | |||
#*Benzos: for seizures and shivering | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== |
Revision as of 17:28, 9 February 2017
Background
- Heat related illnesses includes a wide range diagnoses from benign heat rash to heat stroke.
Types of heat dissipation
- Conduction: heat exchange between two surfaces in contact (placing ice pack in axilla)
- Convection: heat exchange between a surface and a fluid (fanning)
- Radiation: transfer of heat between body and environment through electromagnetic waves (relient on temperature gradient)
Heat Illness Etiology
All types are due to inadequate thermoregulation
- Classic Heat Illness
- Occurs without physical exertion
- Exertional
- Preceded by physical activity
Clinical Features
Heat Illness Types
- Heat cramps
- Muscles cramps due to electrolyte depletion
- Heat syncope
- Prolonged standing +vasodilation + volume loss --> decreased central venous return --> decreased CO--> decreased cerebral profusion pressure
- Heat exhaustion (temperature usually < 40°C)
- headache, n/v, weakness, vertigo, no CNS dysfunction
- Water depletion: inadequate fluid replacement to match fluid loss (sweat)
- Salt depletion: large volume of fluid loss is replaced with water (with inadequate salt)
- Heat stroke (temperature usually > 40°C)
- Similar to heat exhaustion plus CNS dysfunction (seizure, AMS), transaminitis, DIC, rhabdomyolysis
Differential Diagnosis
Environmental heat diagnoses
Management
- Heat cramps
- Mild: oral electrolyte solution
- Severe: IV NSS
- Heat syncope
- Supine position
- Heat exhaustion
- Mild: oral fluid replacement
- Severe: IV fluid replacement and replete electrolytes as needed
- Heat stroke
- ABCs
- Rapid cooling
- IVF, replete electrolytes
- Benzos: for seizures and shivering