Calcium gluconate: Difference between revisions
ClaireLewis (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
(→Pharmacology: edited excretion) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: Electrolyte | *Type: Electrolyte | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: injectable solution, tablet, capsule | ||
*Dosage Strenths: injectable solution: 100mg/mL; tablet: 50, 500, 650mg; capsule: 500mg | |||
*Routes of Administration: PO, IV | |||
*Common Trade Names: | *Common Trade Names: | ||
| Line 54: | Line 56: | ||
**Absorption is increased with acidic condition; thus, administer 1-2 hr after meals | **Absorption is increased with acidic condition; thus, administer 1-2 hr after meals | ||
**~45% protein bound (primarily to albumin) | **~45% protein bound (primarily to albumin) | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: feces as unabsorbed calcium salt (80%), urine (20%) | ||
==Mechanism of Action== | ==Mechanism of Action== | ||
*Bone mineral component; cofactor in enzymatic reactions, essential for neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and many signal transduction pathways. | *Bone mineral component; cofactor in enzymatic reactions, essential for neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and many signal transduction pathways. | ||
Revision as of 00:13, 12 October 2017
General
- Type: Electrolyte
- Dosage Forms: injectable solution, tablet, capsule
- Dosage Strenths: injectable solution: 100mg/mL; tablet: 50, 500, 650mg; capsule: 500mg
- Routes of Administration: PO, IV
- Common Trade Names:
Adult Dosing
- Calcium Supplementation
- 19-50 years old: 1000mg/day PO (divided q8-12hr)
- >50 years old: 1200mg/day PO (divided q8-12hr)
- Pregnant or breastfeeding patient: 1000mg/day PO (divided q8-12hr)
- Hypocalcemia
- Mild (Calcium 1-1.2 mmol/L)
- 1-3 g/day PO in divided doses
- 1-2 g IV over 2 hours
- Severe (Calcium < 1 mmol/L)
- without seizure or tetany: 0.5mg/kg/hr IV, may be increased to 2mg/kg/hr
- Hypocalcemic tetany:
- 100-300mg elemental calcium (~3g calcium gluconate) IV over 5-10 min
- Followed by continuous IV infusion at 0.5mg/kg/hr
- Mild (Calcium 1-1.2 mmol/L)
- Calcium channel blocker toxicity: 3g IV (30-60mL of 10% soln)
- Hyperkalemia: Give 10ml of a 10% solution over 10 mins
Pediatric Dosing
- Hypocalcemia
- Children: 200 to 500 mg IV (slow injection)
- Infants: up to 200 mg IV (slow injection
- Seizure due to hypocalcemia: 10% calcium gluconate IV 0.3 mL/kg over 5-10min
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation risk: Use with caution
- Renal Dosing:
- CrCl less than 25 mL/min, base dosing on serum calcium levels
- ESRD: if on HD, may need dose reduction
- Hepatic Dosing: No adjustment
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Hypercalcemia
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Digoxin toxicity (known or suspected)
- Neonates receiving ceftriaxone sodium injection
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension, MI, cardiac arrest
- Tissue necrosis (due to extravasation)
- Urolithiasis
- Prostate cancer
Common
- Constipation, abdominal bloating, flatulence
- Headache
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Absorption requires Vitamin D
- Absorption is increased with acidic condition; thus, administer 1-2 hr after meals
- ~45% protein bound (primarily to albumin)
- Excretion: feces as unabsorbed calcium salt (80%), urine (20%)
Mechanism of Action
- Bone mineral component; cofactor in enzymatic reactions, essential for neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and many signal transduction pathways.