Hemostatic agents
Revision as of 07:54, 12 January 2016 by Rossdonaldson1 (talk | contribs)
Active Agents
| Plant-Based | Oxidized cellulose (OC) and oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) |
| Gelatin-based | Purified pork or bovine skin; absorbs 45 times its weight of its initial volume causing hemostasis. Excessive swelling can lead to nerve compression |
| Collagen-based | Derived from tissue; shows cell compatibility, adhesion, growth and migration. |
| Fibrin-based | High concentrations of fibrinogen, thrombin and additional components (clotting factors) |
| Thrombin-based | Directly participate in the coagulation cascade process that promotes and modulates coagulation. Provides a lattice for platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. |
| Chitin-based | Polysaccharide biopolymer produced naturally by algae through fermentation. Also known as chitosan in its deacetylated form. Chitosan has been shown to be more effective that chitin in controlling severe hemorrhage. |
Types
| Charateristic | QC ACS+ | HemCon | Celox | WoundSat | Combat Gauze |
| Hemostatic efficacy | + | + | +++ | ++++ | ++++ |
| Side effects | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Ready to use | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Training requirement | + | + | + | +++ | ++ |
| Lightweight, durable | + | +++ | +++ | + | +++ |
| 2-year shelf life | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Stable in extreme conditions | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cleared by FDA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Biodegradable | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| Cost ($) | ~30 | ~75 | ~25 | ~30 | ~25 |
Use
- For compressible hemorrhage not amenable to tourniquet use or as an adjunct to tourniquet removal (if evacuation time is anticipated to be longer than two hours), use Combat Gauze
- Celox Gauze and ChitoGauze may also be used if Combat Gauze is not available.
- Hemostatic dressings should be applied with at least 3 minutes of direct pressure.