Buprenorphine

Revision as of 15:30, 20 November 2020 by Hoxbox (talk | contribs) (→‎Adult Dosing)

Administration

  • Type: Opioid- maintenance therapy in opioid use disorder, rapid detox
  • Dosage Forms: injectable solution, sublingual tablet
  • Dosage Strengths: injectable solution: 0.3 mg/mL; sublingual tablet: 2, 8mg
  • Routes of Administration: Buccal, sublingual, intradermal, transdermal, IV, IM
  • Common Trade Names: Suboxone (buprenorphine + naloxone), Buprex
  • Combined with naloxone to deter abuse. The naloxone has no effect when used as intended under the tongue. The naloxone is only active when abused by crushing/injection. Buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone are interchangeable. Buprenorphine/naloxone is now generic in the USA.

Adult Dosing

Highly variable dependent on individual

  • For Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) >8: 4mg, observe 45min, redose if COWS remains >8. Then discharge with 16 mg a day for 2 days if you are able to prescribe, other wise consider return to the ER on day 2 and 3 for a 16 mg dose per day.
  • For Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) 0-8: Do not dose in the ER. If you can prescribe consider unobserved home induction instructions available on paper [1][2] and app[3] [4].


  • Suboxone initial induction dose: 2mg/0.5mg or 4mg/1mg, titrate up by 2-4mg q2h based on withdrawal symptoms up to 8mg/1mg[5]


NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse ED Buprenorphine algorithm[6]

Pediatric Dosing

Variable

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy Rating: C
  • Lactation risk: Infant risk has been demonstrated
  • Hepatic dosing: reduce dose or do not use in moderate - severe impairment
  • Renal dosing:

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • SBO, paralytic ileus
  • Acute/severe asthma (if unmonitored), respiratory depression

Adverse Reactions

Serious

  • Hypotension, prolonged QT, MI
  • Respiratory depression
  • SBO
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Stroke
  • Sedation, coma
  • Drug dependence or withdrawal

Common

  • Pruritus
  • Constipation, nausea, diarrhea, xerostomia
  • Dizziness, headache, somnolence
  • URI symptoms

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 24-48 hours
  • Metabolism: Extensive hepatic, CYP3A4 substrate
  • Excretion: Mostly fecal, some renal

Mechanism of Action

  • Mixed opiate agonist-antagonist, partial mu-opioid agonist, kappa-opioid antagonist

Comments

  • No DATA 2000 Waiver (aka X Waiver) required to administer within the ED for up to 72h (e.g. patient can come back to ED for daily dose for 3 days)[7]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ A Guide for Patients Beginning Buprenorphine Treatment at Home https://medicine.yale.edu/edbup/quickstart/Home_Buprenorphine_Initiation_338574_42801_v1.pdf
  2. ↑ A Patient’s Guide to Starting Buprenorphine at Home from ASAM https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/education-docs/unobserved-home-induction-patient-guide.pdf
  3. ↑ Buprenorphine Home Induction Apple App Store https://apps.apple.com/us/app/buprenorphine-home-induction/id1449302173
  4. ↑ Starting Buprenorphine from Google Play Store https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amstonstudio.bup&hl=en_US&gl=US
  5. ↑ Suboxone prescribing pamphlet https://www.suboxone.com/hcp/induction-phase
  6. ↑ https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/algorithm.pdf
  7. ↑ https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/discipline-specific-resources/initiating-buprenorphine-treatment-in-emergency-department/frequently-asked-questions-about-ed-initiated-buprenorphine
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