Coronavirus: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:18, 1 September 2016

Background

Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses
Commonly cause up to one-third of upper respiratory tract infections in adults and children
- Also thought to cause diarrhea in infants and children.

Clinical Features

Pulmonary - coughing, dyspnea/wheezing, respiratory failure (seen in elderly/immunocompromised)
GI - vomiting, diarrhea, Necrotizing enterocolitis (in neonates)
HEENT - otalgia, coryza, rhinorrhea, sneezing

Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

Generally no evaluation indicated
If needed, nasal swabs can be sent for PCR and immunofluorescent antigen assay

Management

Supportive care

External Links

References

Authors:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Background==
-Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that commonly cause up to one-third of upper respiratory tract infections in adults and children. Coronaviruses are also thought to cause diarrhea in infants and children.
+*Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses
+*Commonly cause up to one-third of upper respiratory tract infections in adults and children
+**Also thought to cause diarrhea in infants and children.
 ==Clinical Features==
+*Pulmonary - coughing, dyspnea/wheezing, respiratory failure (seen in elderly/immunocompromised)
-Pulmonary - symptoms include coughing, signs of an asthma exacerbation, and in elderly or immunocompromised patients can even cause respiratory failure<br />
+*GI - vomiting, diarrhea, [[Necrotizing enterocolitis]] (in neonates)
+*HEENT - otalgia, coryza, rhinorrhea, sneezing
-GI - vomiting, diarrhea, in neonates it is thought to possibly even cause [[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]<br />
-HEENT - otalgia, coryza, rhinorrhea, sneezing
 ==Differential Diagnosis==
-The most common presentation of coronavirus infection is the "common cold", and over 100 serotypes of viruses have been known to cause the common cold. [[Rhinovirus]] is the cause in about 30-50% of cases, coronavirus about 10-15% of the cases. Other viruses include [[respiratory syncytial virus]] (RSV), [[influenza]] and parainfluenza viruses.
+*[[Rhinovirus]]
+*[[respiratory syncytial virus]] (RSV)
+*[[influenza]]
+*parainfluenza
 ==Evaluation==
-Nasopharyngeal swabs can be done which can be used for reverse transcriptase PCRs and immunofluorescent antigen assay. However, cost can be a limiting factor, and in patients with symptoms of the common cold, this testing is not indicated.
+*Generally no evaluation indicated
+*If needed, nasal swabs can be sent for PCR and immunofluorescent antigen assay
 ==Management==
-There is currently no recommended treatment for corona virus infections other than supportive care. During the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak, several antiviral agents were created, but their efficacy was never clearly established.
+*Supportive care
 ==See Also==
 ==External Links==
 ==References==