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Revision as of 03:21, 6 September 2019

Overdose symptoms by system
System	Minor or moderate overdose^[1]^[2]^[3]	Severe overdose^{[sources 1]}
Cardiovascular	Abnormal heartbeat High or low blood pressure	Cardiogenic shock (heart not pumping enough blood) Cerebral hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) Circulatory collapse (partial or complete failure of the circulatory system)
Central nervous system	Confusion Abnormally fast reflexes Severe agitation Tremor (involuntary muscle twitching)	Acute amphetamine psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia) Compulsive and repetitive movement Serotonin syndrome (excessive serotonergic nerve activity) Sympathomimetic toxidrome (excessive adrenergic nerve activity)
Musculoskeletal	Muscle pain	Rhabdomyolysis (rapid muscle breakdown)
Respiratory	Rapid breathing	Pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of the lung) Respiratory alkalosis (reduced blood CO₂)
Urinary	Painful urination Urinary retention (inability to urinate)	No urine production Kidney failure
Other	Elevated body temperature Mydriasis (dilated pupils)	Elevated or low blood potassium Hyperpyrexia (extremely elevated core body temperature) Metabolic acidosis (excessively acidic bodily fluids)

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FDA Abuse & OD
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Westfall
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named International
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Amphetamine toxidrome
↑ Template:Cite book

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Authors:

[FDA_Abuse_&_OD-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FDA Abuse & OD

[Westfall-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Westfall

[International-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named International

[Acute_amph_toxicity-4] Template:Cite journal

[Amphetamine_toxidrome-5] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Amphetamine toxidrome

[Albertson_2011-6] Template:Cite book

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[sources 1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{clade
+{| class="wikitable unsortable center" style="margin: 1em auto;"
-|label1=[[Acari]]
+|+ Overdose symptoms by system
-|1={{clade
+! scope="col" style="text-align:center"| System
-   |label1=[[Parasitiformes]]
+! scope="col" style="width: 40%;"| Minor or moderate overdose<ref name="FDA Abuse & OD" /><ref name="Westfall" /><ref name="International" />
-   |1={{clade
+! scope="col" style="width: 50%;"| Severe overdose{{#tag:ref|<ref name="Acute amph toxicity">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greene SL, Kerr F, Braitberg G | title = Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse | journal = Emerg. Med. Australas. | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 391–402 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18973636 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x }}</ref><ref name="FDA Abuse & OD" /><ref name="Westfall" /><ref name="Amphetamine toxidrome" /><ref name="Albertson_2011">{{cite book|veditors=Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Kearney TE, Kim-Katz SY, Wu AH | title = Poisoning & Drug Overdose | author = Albertson TE| year = 2011 | publisher = McGraw-Hill Medical | location = New York | isbn = 9780071668330 | chapter = Amphetamines | pages = 77–79 | edition = 6th }}</ref>| group = "sources"}}
-      |label1='''Ixodida''' (ticks)
+|-
-      |1={{clade
+! scope="row"| [[Cardiovascular system|Cardiovascular]]
-         |1=[[Nuttalliellidae]] (a southern African tick)
+|
-         |2={{clade
+* [[Cardiac dysrhythmia|Abnormal heartbeat]]
-            |1=[[Ixodidae]] (hard ticks)
+* [[Hypertension|High]] or [[Hypotension|low blood pressure]]
-            |2=[[Argasidae]] (soft ticks)
+|
-            }}
+* [[Cardiogenic shock]] (heart not pumping enough blood)
-         }}
+* [[Cerebral hemorrhage]] (bleeding in the brain)
-      |2=[[Mesostigmata]] (mites, inc. ''[[Varroa]]'')
+* [[Circulatory collapse]] (partial or complete failure of the [[circulatory system]])
-      }}
+|-
-   |2=[[Acariformes]] (mites)
+! scope="row"| [[Central nervous system|Central nervous<br />system]]
-   }}
+|
-}}
+* Confusion
+* [[Hyperreflexia|Abnormally fast reflexes]]
+* Severe agitation
+* [[Tremor]] (involuntary muscle twitching)
+|
+* [[Stimulant psychosis#Substituted amphetamines|Acute amphetamine psychosis]] (e.g., [[delusion]]s and [[paranoia]])
+* [[Stereotypy|Compulsive and repetitive movement]]
+* [[Serotonin syndrome]] (excessive serotonergic nerve activity)
+* [[Sympathomimetic toxidrome]] (excessive adrenergic nerve activity)
+|-
+! scope="row"| [[Musculoskeletal system|Musculoskeletal]]
+|
+* [[Myalgia|Muscle pain]]
+|
+* [[Rhabdomyolysis]] (rapid muscle breakdown)
+|-
+! scope="row"| [[Respiratory system|Respiratory]]
+|
+* Rapid breathing
+|
+* [[Pulmonary edema]] (fluid accumulation in the lungs)
+* [[Pulmonary hypertension]] (high blood pressure in the [[Pulmonary artery|arteries of the lung]])
+* [[Respiratory alkalosis]] (reduced blood [[carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]])
+|-
+! scope="row"| [[Urogenital system|Urinary]]
+|
+* [[Dysuria|Painful urination]]
+* [[Urinary retention]] (inability to urinate)
+|
+* [[Anuria|No urine production]]
+* [[Kidney failure]]
+|-
+! scope="row"| Other
+|
+* [[Hyperthermia|Elevated body temperature]]
+* [[Mydriasis]] (dilated pupils)
+|
+* [[Hyperkalemia|Elevated]] or [[Hypokalemia|low blood potassium]]
+* [[Hyperpyrexia]] (extremely elevated [[core body temperature]])
+* [[Metabolic acidosis]] (excessively acidic bodily fluids)
+|}