Sandbox: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:53, 12 February 2019

Type	Layers involved	Appearance	Texture	Sensation	Healing Time	Prognosis
Superficial (1st-degree)	Epidermis	Erythema without blisters	Dry	Painful	5–10 days	Heals well.
Superficial partial thickness (2nd-degree)	Extends into superficial (papillary) dermis	Redness with clear blister. Blanches with pressure.	Moist	Very painful	2–3 weeks	Local infection (cellulitis) but no scarring typically
Deep partial thickness (2nd-degree)	Extends into deep (reticular) dermis	Yellow or white. Less blanching. May be blistering.	Fairly dry	Pressure and discomfort	3–8 weeks	Scarring, contractures (may require excision and skin grafting)
Full thickness (3rd-degree)	Extends through entire dermis	Stiff and white/brown. No blanching.	Leathery	Painless	Prolonged (months) and incomplete	Scarring, contractures, amputation (early excision recommended)
4th-degree	Extends through entire skin, and into underlying fat, muscle and bone	Black; charred with eschar	Dry	Painless	Requires excision	Amputation, significant functional impairment and in some cases, death.

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 ! Type!! Layers involved !! Appearance !! Texture !! Sensation !! Healing Time !! Prognosis !! Example
 |-
-| Superficial (1st-degree)|| Epidermis ||[[Erythema|Red]] without blisters|| Dry || Painful|| 5–10 days || Heals well. || [[Image:Sunburn.jpg|70px|A sunburn is a typical first-degree burn.]]
+| Superficial (1st-degree)|| Epidermis ||Erythema without blisters|| Dry || Painful|| 5–10 days || Heals well. || [[Image:Sunburn.jpg|70px|A sunburn is a typical first-degree burn.]]
 |-
-| Superficial partial thickness (2nd-degree) || Extends into superficial (papillary) [[dermis]]<ref name=Tint2010/> || Redness with clear [[blister]].<ref name=Tint2010/> [[Blanch (medical)|Blanches]] with pressure.<ref name=Tint2010/> || Moist<ref name=Tint2010/> || Very painful<ref name=Tint2010/> || 2–3 weeks<ref name=Tint2010/><ref name=TBCChp10/> || Local infection ([[cellulitis]]) but no scarring typically<ref name=TBCChp10>{{cite book |editor=Herndon D |title=Total burn care |publisher=Saunders| location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-4377-2786-9 |page=127 |edition=4th|chapter=Chapter 10: Evaluation of the burn wound: management decisions|year=2012 }}</ref>||
+| Superficial partial thickness (2nd-degree) || Extends into superficial (papillary) dermis || Redness with clear blister. Blanches with pressure. || Moist || Very painful || 2–3 weeks || Local infection (cellulitis) but no scarring typically||
 [[Image:Scaldburn.jpg|70px|Second-degree burn of the thumb]]
 |-
-| Deep partial thickness (2nd-degree) || Extends into deep (reticular) dermis<ref name=Tint2010/> || Yellow or white. Less blanching. May be blistering.<ref name=Tint2010/> || Fairly dry<ref name=TBCChp10/> || Pressure and discomfort<ref name=TBCChp10/> || 3–8&nbsp;weeks<ref name=Tint2010/>|| Scarring, [[Burn scar contracture|contractures]] (may require excision and [[skin grafting]])<ref name=TBCChp10/> || [[Image:major-2nd-degree-burn.jpg|70px|Second-degree burn caused by contact with boiling water]]
+| Deep partial thickness (2nd-degree) || Extends into deep (reticular) dermis || Yellow or white. Less blanching. May be blistering. || Fairly dry || Pressure and discomfort || 3–8 weeks|| Scarring, contractures (may require excision and [[skin grafting]]) || [[Image:major-2nd-degree-burn.jpg|70px|Second-degree burn caused by contact with boiling water]]
 |-
-| Full thickness (3rd-degree) || Extends through entire dermis<ref name=Tint2010/> || Stiff and white/brown.<ref name=Tint2010/> No blanching.<ref name=TBCChp10/> || Leathery<ref name=Tint2010/> || Painless<ref name=Tint2010/> || Prolonged (months) and incomplete<ref name=Tint2010/> || Scarring, contractures, amputation (early excision recommended)<ref name=TBCChp10/> || [[Image:8-day-old-3rd-degree-burn.jpg|70px|Eight day old third-degree burn caused by motorcycle muffler.]]
+| Full thickness (3rd-degree) || Extends through entire dermis || Stiff and white/brown. No blanching. || Leathery || Painless || Prolonged (months) and incomplete|| Scarring, contractures, amputation (early excision recommended) || [[Image:8-day-old-3rd-degree-burn.jpg|70px|Eight day old third-degree burn caused by motorcycle muffler.]]
 |-
-| 4th-degree|| Extends through entire skin, and into underlying fat, muscle and bone<ref name=Tint2010/> || Black; charred with [[eschar]] || Dry || Painless || Requires excision<ref name=Tint2010/> || Amputation, significant functional impairment and in some cases, death.<ref name=Tint2010/>
+| 4th-degree|| Extends through entire skin, and into underlying fat, muscle and bone || Black; charred with eschar || Dry || Painless || Requires excision || Amputation, significant functional impairment and in some cases, death.
 | [[Image:Ожог кисть.jpg|70px|4th-degree burn]]
 |}