Dacryocystitis: Difference between revisions
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*Most common in children | *Most common in children | ||
*Often after viral URI | *Often after viral URI | ||
*Complications: [[Periorbital Cellulitis]], [[Orbital Cellulitis]] | *Complications: [[Periorbital Cellulitis]], [[Orbital Cellulitis]], [[Meningitis]] | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
Revision as of 23:42, 28 August 2017
Background
- Acute or chronic inflammation and bacterial infection of the lacrimal sac
- Most common pathogens: Strep. pneumoniae, staph. aureus, staph. epidermidis, h. influenzae
- Most common in children
- Often after viral URI
- Complications: Periorbital Cellulitis, Orbital Cellulitis, Meningitis
Clinical Features
- Mucopurulent material expressed from nasolacrimal sac
- Erythema and edema between medial canthus and nasal bridge
Evaluation
- Physical exam
- May culture purulent material
Differential Diagnosis
Periorbital swelling
Proptosis
- Normal IOP
- Orbital cellulitis
- Orbital pseudotumor
- Orbital tumor
- Increased IOP
- Retrobulbar abscess
- Retrobulbar emphysema
- Retrobulbar hemorrhage
- Ocular compartment syndrome
- Orbital tumor
No proptosis
- Periorbital cellulitis/erysipelas
- Dacryocystitis (lacrimal duct)
- Dacryocele/Dacryocystocele
- Dacryostenosis
- Dacryoadenitis (lacrimal gland)
- Allergic reaction
- Nephrotic Syndrome (pediatrics)
Lid Complications
- Blepharitis (crusts)
- Chalazion (meibomian gland)
- Stye (hordeolum) (eyelash folicle)
Other
- Subperiosteal abscess
- Orbital abscess
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Conjunctivitis
- Contact dermatitis
- Herpes zoster
- Herpes simplex
- Sarcoidosis
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Neonatal eye problems
- Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
- Dacrocystitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Chemical
- Gonococcal
- Chlamydia
- Herpetic
- Streptococcus/S. Aureus
- Early onset glaucoma
- Uveitis
- Ocular foreign body
- Corneal abrasion
- Ocular trauma
- Ingrown eyelash
Management
- Oral clindamycin for 7-10 days
- If ill appearing: IV cephalosporin (cefuroxime 50mg/kg IV Q8h or cefazolin 33mg/kg IV Q6H) or clindamycin (10mg/kg IV Q8H)
- If MRSA suspected: Vancomycin 10-13mg/kg IV Q6-8 h
- Chronic dacryocystitis: topical antibiotic (fluoroquinolone or erythromycin)
- Consult ophthalmology (outpatient referral follow-up)
References
- Tintinalli 7th ed, p. 764