Cold injuries: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
[[File:PMC2873703 eplasty10e35 fig1.png| | [[File:PMC2873703 eplasty10e35 fig1.png|First degree (frostnip) frostbite]] | ||
[[File:PMC3785582 aps-40-510-g001.png| | [[File:PMC3785582 aps-40-510-g001.png|Second degree frostbite]] | ||
[[File:PMC5286755 IJD-62-59-g009.png| | [[File:PMC5286755 IJD-62-59-g009.png|Third degree frostbite]] | ||
[[File:PMC4106255 eplasty14ic20 fig1.png| | [[File:PMC4106255 eplasty14ic20 fig1.png|Fourth degree frostbite]] | ||
[[File:Cold urticaria3.jpg|thumb|Cold uticaria.]] | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
Revision as of 20:16, 3 November 2021
Background
- Frostbite occurs only when ambient temperatures are well below freezing
- Nonfreezing cold injuries occur due to exposure to cold conditions above freezing
Swiss Hypothermia Staging System[1]
| Classification | Temperature | Signs/Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| I / Mild | 32-35°C (90-95°F) | Shivering, awake |
| II / Moderate | 28-32°C (82-90°F) | Shivering, depressed mental status |
| III / Severe | 20-28°C (68-82°F) | unconscious/severely depressed mental status, shivering ceases |
| IV / Profound | <20°C (68°F) | unobtainable VS |
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Cold injuries
- Generalized
- Freezing
- Non-freezing
Management
Disposition
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ Brown et al., Accidental Hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1930-1938