Sandbox: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:25, 6 September 2019

Symptoms of overdose
System	Minor or moderate overdose^[1]	Severe overdose^[1]
Cardiovascular		Disseminated intravascular coagulation^[2] Intracranial hemorrhage^[2] Severe hypertension^[2]^[3] or hypotension^[2] Hypotensive bleeding^[4]
Central nervous system	Hyperreflexia^[5] Agitation^[2]^[3] Mental confusion^[2] Paranoia^[2]^[3] Stimulant psychosis^[4]^[6]	Cognitive and memory impairment^[2] potentially to the point of retrograde or anterograde amnesia^[7] Coma^[6]^[3] Convulsions^[2]^[3] Hallucinations^[2]^[3] Loss of consciousness^[6] Serotonin syndrome^[6]^[2]^[8]
Musculoskeletal		Muscle rigidity^[2] Rhabdomyolysis (i.e., rapid muscle breakdown)^[2]^[8]
Respiratory		Acute respiratory distress syndrome^[2]
Urinary		Acute kidney injury^[2]^[9]
Other		Cerebral edema^[6] Hepatitis^[2]^[8] Hyperpyrexia (a life-threatening elevation of body temperature greater than or equal to Template:Convert)^[2]^[8] Hyponatremia (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)^[2]^[10]^[8]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pmid15228154
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 Template:Cite journal
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Template:Cite book
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Betzler2017
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pmid22392347
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hyperpyrexia
↑ Template:Cite journal
↑ Template:Cite journal

Authors:

[pmid15228154-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pmid15228154

[Acute_amph_toxicity-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 Template:Cite journal

[oxford-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Template:Cite book

[Betzler2017-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Betzler2017

[5] Template:Cite journal

[pmid22392347-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pmid22392347

[7] Template:Cite journal

[hyperpyrexia-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hyperpyrexia

[9] Template:Cite journal

[Hyponatremia-10] Template:Cite journal

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{| class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable unsortable"
+|+ Symptoms of overdose
+! scope="col" style="text-align:center"| System
+! scope="col" | Minor or moderate overdose<ref name=pmid15228154/> || Severe overdose<ref name=pmid15228154/>
 |-
-! System
+! scope="row"| [[Cardiovascular system|Cardiovascular]]
-! Minor or moderate overdose
-! Severe overdose
-|-
-! scope="row"|Cardiovascular
-|
-* Cardiac dysrhythmia
-* Hypertension or hypotension
 |
-* Cardiogenic shock
+||
-* Cerebral hemorrhage
+* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
-* Circulatory collapse
+* [[Intracranial hemorrhage]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
+* Severe [[hypertension]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name=oxford/> or [[hypotension]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
+* Hypotensive bleeding<ref name=Betzler2017/>
 |-
-! scope="row"| Central nervous<br />system
+! scope="row"| [[Central nervous system|Central nervous<br />system]]
 |
-* Confusion
+* [[Hyperreflexia]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de la Torre R, Farré M, Roset PN, Pizarro N, Abanades S, Segura M, Segura J, Camí J | title = Human pharmacology of MDMA: pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition | journal = Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 137–44 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15228154 | doi = 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00009 }}</ref>
-* Hyperreflexia
+* [[Agitation (action)|Agitation]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name=oxford/>
-* Severe agitation
+* [[Mental confusion]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
-* Tremor
+* [[Paranoia]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name=oxford/>
+* [[Stimulant psychosis]]<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref name="pmid22392347" />
 |
-* Acute amphetamine psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia)
+* [[Cognitive deficit|Cognitive and memory impairment]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /> potentially to the point of [[retrograde amnesia|retrograde]] or [[anterograde amnesia]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chummun H, Tilley V, Ibe J | title = 3,4-methylenedioxyamfetamine (ecstasy) use reduces cognition | journal = British Journal of Nursing | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 94–100 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20235382 }}</ref>
-* Compulsive and repetitive movement
+* Coma<ref name="pmid22392347" /><ref name=oxford>{{cite book | first1 = John A | last1 = Kellum | first2 = Scott R | last2 = Gunn | first3 = Mervyn | last3 = Singer | name-list-format = vanc |title=Oxford American Handbook of Critical Care | date = 2008  |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530528-9 | oclc = 1003197730  | page = 464 }}</ref>
-* [[Serotonin syndrome]]
+* [[Convulsion]]s<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name=oxford/>
-* [[Sympathomimetic toxidrome]]
+* [[Hallucination]]s<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name=oxford/>
+* [[Loss of consciousness]]<ref name="pmid22392347" />
+* [[Serotonin syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22392347" /><ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="hyperpyrexia" />
 |-
-! scope="row"| Musculoskeletal
+! scope="row"|[[Musculoskeletal system|Musculoskeletal]]
 |
-* Myalgia
 |
-* Rhabdomyolysis
+* [[Hypertonia|Muscle rigidity]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
+* [[Rhabdomyolysis]] (i.e., rapid muscle breakdown)<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="hyperpyrexia" />
 |-
-! scope="row"| Respiratory
+! scope="row"| [[Respiratory system|Respiratory]]
 |
-* Rapid breathing
 |
-* [[Pulmonary edema]]
+* [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
-* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
-* [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
 |-
-! scope="row"| Urinary
+! scope="row"| [[Urogenital system|Urinary]]
 |
-* [[Dysuria]]
-* [[Urinary retention]]
 |
-* [[Anuria]]
+* [[Acute kidney injury]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pendergraft WF, Herlitz LC, Thornley-Brown D, Rosner M, Niles JL | title = Nephrotoxic effects of common and emerging drugs of abuse | journal = Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology | volume = 9 | issue = 11 | pages = 1996–2005 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25035273 | pmc = 4220747 | doi = 10.2215/CJN.00360114 }}</ref>
-* [[Kidney failure]]
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Other
 |
-* [[Hyperthermia]]
-* Mydriasis
 |
-* [[Hyperkalemia]] or [[hypokalemia]]
+* [[Cerebral edema]]<ref name="pmid22392347" />
-* [[Hyperpyrexia]]
+* [[Hepatitis]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="hyperpyrexia" />
-* [[Metabolic acidosis]]
+* [[Hyperpyrexia]] (a life-threatening elevation of body temperature greater than or equal to {{convert|40.0|or|41.5|C|F|1}})<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="hyperpyrexia" />
+* [[Hyponatremia]] ([[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone]])<ref name="Acute amph toxicity">{{cite journal | vauthors = Greene SL, Kerr F, Braitberg G | title = Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse | journal = Emergency Medicine Australasia | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 391–402 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18973636 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x }}</ref><ref name="Hyponatremia">{{cite journal | vauthors = Keane M | title = Recognising and managing acute hyponatraemia | journal = Emergency Nurse | volume = 21 | issue = 9 | pages = 32–6; quiz 37 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24494770 | doi = 10.7748/en2014.02.21.9.32.e1128 }}</ref><ref name="hyperpyrexia" />
 |}
+</center>