Cold injuries: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
[[File:Windchill21.gif|thumb|Whid chill chart]] | |||
*Frostbite occurs only when ambient temperatures are well below freezing | *Frostbite occurs only when ambient temperatures are well below freezing | ||
*Nonfreezing cold injuries occur due to exposure to cold conditions above freezing | *Nonfreezing cold injuries occur due to exposure to cold conditions above freezing | ||
{{Swiss staging system}} | {{Swiss staging system}} | ||
==Clinical Features== | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:PMC2873703 eplasty10e35 fig1.png|First degree (frostnip) [[frostbite]] | |||
File:PMC3785582 aps-40-510-g001.png|Second degree [[frostbite]] | |||
File:PMC5286755 IJD-62-59-g009.png|Third degree [[frostbite]] | |||
File:PMC4106255 eplasty14ic20 fig1.png|Fourth degree [[frostbite]] | |||
File:Cold urticaria3.jpg|[[Cold uticaria]] | |||
File:Case of trench feet suffered by unidentified soldier Cas de pieds des tranchées (soldat non identifié).jpg|[[Trench foot]] | |||
File:Chilblains from excessively icing the feet.jpg|[[Chilblains]] | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Cold injuries DDX}} | {{Cold injuries DDX}} | ||
==Management== | |||
==Disposition== | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Therapeutic hypothermia]] | *[[Therapeutic hypothermia]] | ||
==External Links== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:48, 3 November 2021
Background
- Frostbite occurs only when ambient temperatures are well below freezing
- Nonfreezing cold injuries occur due to exposure to cold conditions above freezing
Swiss Hypothermia Staging System[1]
| Classification | Temperature | Signs/Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| I / Mild | 32-35°C (90-95°F) | Shivering, awake |
| II / Moderate | 28-32°C (82-90°F) | Shivering, depressed mental status |
| III / Severe | 20-28°C (68-82°F) | unconscious/severely depressed mental status, shivering ceases |
| IV / Profound | <20°C (68°F) | unobtainable VS |
Clinical Features
First degree (frostnip) frostbite
Second degree frostbite
Third degree frostbite
Fourth degree frostbite
.jpg)
Differential Diagnosis
Cold injuries
- Generalized
- Freezing
- Non-freezing
Management
Disposition
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ Brown et al., Accidental Hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1930-1938