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===[[Altered mental status]]=== | ===[[Altered mental status]]=== | ||
====Diffuse brain dysfunction==== | |||
* | *[[hypoxia|Hypoxic]] encephalopathy | ||
*[[Delirium|Acute toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (Delirium)]] | |||
* | **[[Hypoglycemia]] | ||
**Hyperosmolar state (e.g., [[hyperglycemia]]) | |||
**[[Electrolyte Abnormalities]] ([[hypernatremia]] or [[hyponatremia]], [[hypercalcemia]]) | |||
**Organ system failure | |||
**[[Hepatic Encephalopathy]] | |||
**[[Uremia]]/[[Renal Failure]] | |||
**Endocrine ([[Addison's disease]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[myxedema coma]], [[thyroid storm]]) | |||
**[[Hypoxia]] | |||
**[[CO2 narcosis]] | |||
*[[Hypertensive Encephalopathy]] | |||
*[[Toxins]] | |||
**[[ | *[[TTP]] / [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | ||
**Drug reactions ([[NMS]]) | *[[Alcohol withdrawal]] | ||
*Drug reactions ([[NMS]], [[Serotonin Syndrome]]) | |||
*Environmental causes | |||
**[[Hypothermia]] | |||
**[[Hyperthermia]] | |||
*Deficiency state | |||
**[[Sepsis]] | **[[Wernicke encephalopathy]] | ||
*Primary CNS disease or trauma | **Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord ([[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]) | ||
**[[Rickets|Vitamin D Deficiency]] | |||
**Zinc Deficiency | |||
*[[Sepsis]] | |||
*[[Osmotic demyelination syndrome]] (central pontine myelinolysis) | |||
** | *[[Limbic encephalitis]] | ||
* | ====Primary CNS disease or trauma==== | ||
*Direct CNS trauma | |||
**Diffuse axonal injury | |||
**Neoplasms | **[[Subdural hemorrhage|Subdural]]/[[epidural hematoma]] | ||
**[[Seizures]] | *Vascular disease | ||
**[[ICH|Intraparenchymal hemorrhage]] | |||
**** | *[[SAH]] | ||
*** | *[[Stroke]] | ||
**Hemispheric, brainstem | |||
*CNS infections | |||
**[[Encephalitis]] | |||
**[[Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis]] | |||
**[[Meningitis]] | |||
*Neoplasms | |||
**[[Paraneoplastic]] [[Limbic encephalitis]] | |||
**Malignant Meningitis | |||
**Pancreatic [[Insulinoma]] | |||
*[[Seizures]] | |||
**Nonconvulsive [[status epilepticus]] | |||
**Postictal state | |||
*[[Dementia]] | |||
**[[Alzheimer's]] | |||
**[[Lewy Body Dementia]] | |||
**[[Frontotemporal Dementia]] | |||
====Psychiatric==== | |||
*[[Acute psychosis]] | |||
*[[Catatonia]] | |||
*[[Excited delirium]] | |||
*Malingering | |||
*[[Steroid induced psychosis]] | |||
Latest revision as of 12:29, 13 March 2024
Altered mental status
Diffuse brain dysfunction
- Hypoxic encephalopathy
- Acute toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (Delirium)
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperosmolar state (e.g., hyperglycemia)
- Electrolyte Abnormalities (hypernatremia or hyponatremia, hypercalcemia)
- Organ system failure
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Uremia/Renal Failure
- Endocrine (Addison's disease, Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, thyroid storm)
- Hypoxia
- CO2 narcosis
- Hypertensive Encephalopathy
- Toxins
- TTP / Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Drug reactions (NMS, Serotonin Syndrome)
- Environmental causes
- Deficiency state
- Wernicke encephalopathy
- Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord (B12 deficiency)
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Zinc Deficiency
- Sepsis
- Osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis)
- Limbic encephalitis
Primary CNS disease or trauma
- Direct CNS trauma
- Diffuse axonal injury
- Subdural/epidural hematoma
- Vascular disease
- SAH
- Stroke
- Hemispheric, brainstem
- CNS infections
- Neoplasms
- Paraneoplastic Limbic encephalitis
- Malignant Meningitis
- Pancreatic Insulinoma
- Seizures
- Nonconvulsive status epilepticus
- Postictal state
- Dementia