Albuterol: Difference between revisions
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==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Hypersensitivity reaction | *[[Hypersensitivity reaction]] | ||
*Bronchospasm (paradoxical) | *Bronchospasm (paradoxical) | ||
*Arrhythmias | *[[Arrhythmias]] | ||
*Elevated blood pressure | *[[Elevated blood pressure]] | ||
*Angina | *[[Angina]] | ||
*Hypokalemia | *[[Hypokalemia]] | ||
*Lactic acidosis | *[[Lactic acidosis]] | ||
**Due to enhancing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis | **Due to enhancing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis | ||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
* | *[[Tremor]] | ||
* | *[[Anxiety]] | ||
* | *[[Tachycardia]] | ||
* | *[[Palpitations]] | ||
* | *[[Headache]] | ||
* | *[[Dizziness]] | ||
* | *[[Nausea]] | ||
* | *[[Muscle cramps]] | ||
* | *[[Insomnia]] | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:57, 13 September 2023
General
- Type: Beta-2 agonist
- Dosage Forms: aerosol inhaler, liquid nebulized form, PO
- Common Trade Names: ProAir HFA, Proventil, Ventolin HFA, ReliOn Ventolin HFA, Accuneb
Adult Dosing
- Mild Asthma/COPD - 90mcg/inh via inhalation aerosol q4hrs PRN wheezing
- Mod/Severe Asthma/COPD exacerbation - 5mg Nebulized q15mins
- Hyperkalemia (not-FDA approved) - 15-20mg Nebulized
Pediatric Dosing
- Mild asthma exacerbation - 1-2 puffs of 90mcg/inh via inhaled aerosol q4hrs PRN wheezing
- Mod/Severe asthma exacerbation - 2.5mg nebulized q20mins
- Wheezing - 2.5mg nebulized q20mins
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation Risk Categories: Probably safe
- Renal Dosing
- Adult: no adjustment
- Pediatric: no adjustment
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult: not defined
- Pediatric: not defined
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- caution if ischemic heart disease
- caution if hypertension
- caution if arrhythmias
- caution if hypokalemia
- caution if diabetes mellitus
- caution if seizure disorder
- caution if hyperthyroidism
- caution if pheochromocytoma
- caution if pregnancy
- caution if elderly patients
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Hypersensitivity reaction
- Bronchospasm (paradoxical)
- Arrhythmias
- Elevated blood pressure
- Angina
- Hypokalemia
- Lactic acidosis
- Due to enhancing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 2.7-6h
- Metabolism: liver, CYP450
- Excretion: urine primarily, feces
- Mechanism of Action: stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, relaxing airway smooth muscle