Heat exhaustion: Difference between revisions
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Results from exposure to excessive heat or exposure to extreme temperature for prolonged period of time. | Results from exposure to excessive heat or exposure to extreme temperature for prolonged period of time. | ||
*Can result from exposure to [[heat wave]] | *Can result from exposure to [[heat wave]] | ||
*Predicted to increase due to increasing climate temperatures | *Predicted to increase due to increasing climate temperatures | ||
===Etiology<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>=== | ===Etiology<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>=== | ||
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===Diagnosis=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
*Typically a clinical diagnosis | *Typically a clinical diagnosis | ||
==Treatment<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>== | ==Treatment<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>== | ||
Revision as of 18:05, 28 April 2022
Background
Results from exposure to excessive heat or exposure to extreme temperature for prolonged period of time.
- Can result from exposure to heat wave
- Predicted to increase due to increasing climate temperatures
Etiology[1]
- Occurs via water depletion or sodium depletion or combination
- Water depletion occurs in elderly and persons working in hot environments
- Salt depletion occurs when fluid losses are replaced with hypotonic solutions
Clinical Features[2]
Known heat exposure with temperature 37-40C with:
- Tachycardia
- Sweating (especially when associated with exercise)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Fatigue, weakness
- Dizziness
- Orthostatic hypotension with normal mental status
- Mentation is normal (in contrast to heatstroke)
Differential Diagnosis
Environmental heat diagnoses
Evaluation
Workup
- Evidence of hemoconcentration
- May be hyponatremic, isotonic or hypernatremic
- Depending on ratio of fluid and electrolyte loss to intake
Diagnosis
- Typically a clinical diagnosis
Treatment[3]
- Removal from heat-stressed environment
- Volume and electrolyte repletion
- Oral versus IV depending on severity
- Aggressive cooling to 39C if patient does not respond to 30min of fluid replacement
Disposition[4]
- Majority of patients can be discharged
- Consider admission in patients with CHF or severe electrolyte disturbances
Complications
See Also
References
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339