Amphotericin B: Difference between revisions
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==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
*Type: Antifungal | *Type: [[Antifungal]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: powder for injection | ||
*Dosage Strengths: 50mg/vial | |||
*Routes of Administration: IV | *Routes of Administration: IV | ||
*Common Trade Names: AmBisome, "ampho-terrible" | *Common Trade Names: AmBisome, Fungizone "ampho-terrible" | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
*Half-life: Depends on formulation, 1-14 days | *Half-life: Depends on formulation, 1-14 days | ||
*Metabolism: unknown | *Metabolism: unknown | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: urine | ||
==Mechanism of Action== | ==Mechanism of Action== | ||
*Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell | *Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes→ intracellular contents leak out→ cell dies | ||
==Comments== | ==Comments== | ||
Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent used to treat severe or disseminated fungal infections (e.g. invasive aspergillosis, cryptoccoccal meningitis, coccidioidomycosis, mucormycosis, fungemia in neutropenic patients). It comes in several formulations; conventional, cholesteryl sulfate complex, lipid complex, and liposomal. It is usually reserved for serious infection due to significant associated toxicities, though the newer formulations tend to be better tolerated. | Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent used to treat severe or disseminated fungal infections (e.g. invasive aspergillosis, [[Cryptococcosis|cryptoccoccal meningitis]], [[coccidioidomycosis]], [[mucormycosis]], fungemia in neutropenic patients). It comes in several formulations; conventional, cholesteryl sulfate complex, lipid complex, and liposomal. It is usually reserved for serious infection due to significant associated toxicities, though the newer formulations tend to be better tolerated. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Antifungals]] | |||
*[[Fungal infections]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:16, 8 March 2021
Administration
- Type: Antifungal
- Dosage Forms: powder for injection
- Dosage Strengths: 50mg/vial
- Routes of Administration: IV
- Common Trade Names: AmBisome, Fungizone "ampho-terrible"
Adult Dosing
Dosing is NOT interchangeable between different formulations of amphotericin B due to significant variations in pharmacokinetics. Call your institution's pharmacy (or ID) if unsure about correct dose.
Pediatric Dosing
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation risk: Infant risk cannot be ruled out
Renal Dosing
- Adult:
- Pediatric:
Hepatic Dosing
- Adult:
- Pediatric:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Nephrotoxicity/renal failure, hemorrhagic cystitis
- Anaphylaxis
- Cardiac arrest
Common
- Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia (check BMP at least daily)
- Rigors
- Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
- Anemia
- Rash
- Dyspnea
- Insomnia
Pharmacology
- Half-life: Depends on formulation, 1-14 days
- Metabolism: unknown
- Excretion: urine
Mechanism of Action
- Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes→ intracellular contents leak out→ cell dies
Comments
Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent used to treat severe or disseminated fungal infections (e.g. invasive aspergillosis, cryptoccoccal meningitis, coccidioidomycosis, mucormycosis, fungemia in neutropenic patients). It comes in several formulations; conventional, cholesteryl sulfate complex, lipid complex, and liposomal. It is usually reserved for serious infection due to significant associated toxicities, though the newer formulations tend to be better tolerated.