Dressler's syndrome: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
==Background==
Dressler's syndrome, also known as late post-MI pericarditis, is pericarditis that occurs one week to several months after a myocardial infarction. It is thought to be immunologic and is less commonly seen after [[PE]], pericardial trauma, or pericardiectomy.<ref>Jouriles N. Pericardial and Myocardial Disease. In: Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice: Volume 1. Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier; 2010.</ref>
*Also known as late post-MI pericarditis
*[[Pericarditis]] that occurs one week to several months after a myocardial infarction
**Thought to be immunologic and is less commonly seen after [[PE]], [[cardiac trauma|pericardial trauma]], or pericardiectomy.<ref>Jouriles N. Pericardial and Myocardial Disease. In: Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice: Volume 1. Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier; 2010.</ref>


==Clinical Features==
==Clinical Features==
===Signs and Symptoms===
===Signs and Symptoms===
*Pleuritic chest pain
*Pleuritic [[chest pain]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
*Malaise
*Malaise
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===Findings===
===Findings===
*EKG findings characteristic of [[pericarditis]]
*[[EKG]] findings characteristic of [[pericarditis]]
*[[Pericardial effusion]]
*[[Pericardial effusion]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]
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==Evaluation==
==Evaluation==
 
*[[EKG]]
*EKG
*Labs
*Labs
**CBC
**CBC
**CRP/ESR
**CRP/ESR
**[[Troponin]]: to rule out concurrent myocarditis
**[[Troponin]]: to rule out concurrent [[myocarditis]]
*Imaging
*Imaging
**[[CXR]]
**[[CXR]]
**Echocardiogram
**[[echocardiography|Echocardiogram]]


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Pericarditis<ref>Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2015;314(14):1498–506.</ref>===
*Need 2 of the following diagnostic criteria for acute pericarditis<ref>Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2015;314(14):1498–506.</ref>
*Need 2 of the following
**Chest pain (typically sharp and pleuritic, improved by sitting up and leaning forward)
**Chest pain (typically sharp and pleuritic, improved by sitting up and leaning forward)
**Pericardial friction rub
**Pericardial friction rub
**New or worsening pericardial effusion
**New or worsening pericardial effusion
**Suggestive ECG changes
**Suggestive ECG changes
*Appropriate time-frame: 1 week to approximately 3 months after myocardial infarction
AND
*Appropriate time-frame: 1 week to approximately 3 months after cardiac injury


==Management==
==Management==
 
*[[NSAIDs]]: There is no evidence that a specific NSAID has increased efficacy, so NSAID choice is typically based on whether there are other indications for an NSAID or likelihood of side effects.
**[[Aspirin]]: 750-1000 mg q6-8h, with gradual tapering of the total daily dose by 650-800 mg weekly for a treatment period of three to four weeks
**[[Ibuprofen]]:  600-800 mg q6-8h, with gradual tapering of the total daily dose by 400-800 mg every week for a treatment period of three to four weeks<ref>Imazio M, Spodick DH, Brucato A, Trinchero R, Adler Y. Controversial issues in the management of pericardial diseases. Circulation. 2010;121(7):916–928. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.844753</ref>
*[[Colchicine]]: may be used in conjunction with NSAIDs<ref>Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(42):2921–2964. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318</ref>
*[[Glucocorticoids]]: can be used for refractory Dressler's syndrome


==Disposition==
==Disposition==
 
*Admission not typically necessary, but should be considered in patients with:
**Myopericarditis
**Cardiac tamponade
**Hemodynamic instability
*Patients should follow up as an outpatient for repeat inflammatory markers in approximately one month.<ref>Imazio M, Hoit BD. Post-cardiac injury syndromes. An emerging cause of pericardial diseases. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):648–652. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.052</ref>


==See Also==
==See Also==
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==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Cardiology]]

Latest revision as of 01:21, 22 October 2020

Background

  • Also known as late post-MI pericarditis
  • Pericarditis that occurs one week to several months after a myocardial infarction

Clinical Features

Signs and Symptoms

Findings

Differential Diagnosis

ST Elevation

Evaluation

Diagnosis

  • Need 2 of the following diagnostic criteria for acute pericarditis[3]
    • Chest pain (typically sharp and pleuritic, improved by sitting up and leaning forward)
    • Pericardial friction rub
    • New or worsening pericardial effusion
    • Suggestive ECG changes

AND

  • Appropriate time-frame: 1 week to approximately 3 months after cardiac injury

Management

  • NSAIDs: There is no evidence that a specific NSAID has increased efficacy, so NSAID choice is typically based on whether there are other indications for an NSAID or likelihood of side effects.
    • Aspirin: 750-1000 mg q6-8h, with gradual tapering of the total daily dose by 650-800 mg weekly for a treatment period of three to four weeks
    • Ibuprofen: 600-800 mg q6-8h, with gradual tapering of the total daily dose by 400-800 mg every week for a treatment period of three to four weeks[4]
  • Colchicine: may be used in conjunction with NSAIDs[5]
  • Glucocorticoids: can be used for refractory Dressler's syndrome

Disposition

  • Admission not typically necessary, but should be considered in patients with:
    • Myopericarditis
    • Cardiac tamponade
    • Hemodynamic instability
  • Patients should follow up as an outpatient for repeat inflammatory markers in approximately one month.[6]

See Also

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Jouriles N. Pericardial and Myocardial Disease. In: Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice: Volume 1. Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier; 2010.
  2. ↑ Imazio M, Hoit BD. Post-cardiac injury syndromes. An emerging cause of pericardial diseases. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):648–652. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.052
  3. ↑ Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2015;314(14):1498–506.
  4. ↑ Imazio M, Spodick DH, Brucato A, Trinchero R, Adler Y. Controversial issues in the management of pericardial diseases. Circulation. 2010;121(7):916–928. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.844753
  5. ↑ Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(42):2921–2964. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318
  6. ↑ Imazio M, Hoit BD. Post-cardiac injury syndromes. An emerging cause of pericardial diseases. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):648–652. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.052
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