Diazoxide: Difference between revisions
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== | ==General== | ||
*Type: [[Antihypertensive]], hyperglycemic | |||
*Routes of administration: PO, IV (discontinued in US) | |||
*Non-diuretic thiazide, arterial vasodilator | *Non-diuretic thiazide, arterial vasodilator | ||
*Used to treat severe hypertension | *Used to treat severe hypertension | ||
*Reflex response leads to tachycardia and increased cardiac output | *Reflex response leads to tachycardia and increased cardiac output | ||
==Adult Dosing== | |||
*1-3 mg/kg IV (maximum 150 mg) | |||
*3-8 mg/kg/day PO divided into 2-3 doses | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | |||
*3-8 mg/kg/day PO divided into 2-3 doses | |||
==Special Populations== | |||
*Pregnancy: C | |||
*Lactation: Infant risk cannot be ruled out | |||
*Renal Dosing: reduce dose | |||
*Hepatic Dosing: | |||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
* | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
*Aortic coarctation | *Functional hypoglycemia | ||
*Aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation | |||
*Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | *Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | ||
==Adverse Effects== | ==Adverse Effects== | ||
===Serious=== | |||
*CHF, MI | |||
*Pulmonary hypertension | |||
*Fluid retention | |||
*DKA, HHS, hyperglycemia | |||
*Hypernatremia | |||
*Bowel obstruction | |||
*Pancreatitis | |||
*Thrombocytopenia | |||
*Cataract | |||
===Common=== | |||
*Hypotension | *Hypotension | ||
* | *Palpitations, tachycardia | ||
*Hyperglycemia | *Dizziness, asthenia | ||
*Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, increased uric acid level | |||
*Hirsutism | |||
*Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia | |||
*Neutropenia | |||
==Interactions== | ==Interactions== | ||
*May potentiate warfarin's anticoagulant effects | *May potentiate warfarin's anticoagulant effects | ||
== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
* | *Half-life: 20-36 hours | ||
* | *Metabolism: hepatic | ||
*Excretion: Renal | |||
==Mechanism of Action | |||
*Hyperglycemic: inhibits pancreatic insulin release | |||
*Antihypertensive: arteriolar vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999 | Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999 | ||
Epocrates | Epocrates | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:51, 22 August 2017
General
- Type: Antihypertensive, hyperglycemic
- Routes of administration: PO, IV (discontinued in US)
- Non-diuretic thiazide, arterial vasodilator
- Used to treat severe hypertension
- Reflex response leads to tachycardia and increased cardiac output
Adult Dosing
- 1-3 mg/kg IV (maximum 150 mg)
- 3-8 mg/kg/day PO divided into 2-3 doses
Pediatric Dosing
- 3-8 mg/kg/day PO divided into 2-3 doses
Special Populations
- Pregnancy: C
- Lactation: Infant risk cannot be ruled out
- Renal Dosing: reduce dose
- Hepatic Dosing:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Functional hypoglycemia
- Aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Adverse Effects
Serious
- CHF, MI
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Fluid retention
- DKA, HHS, hyperglycemia
- Hypernatremia
- Bowel obstruction
- Pancreatitis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Cataract
Common
- Hypotension
- Palpitations, tachycardia
- Dizziness, asthenia
- Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, increased uric acid level
- Hirsutism
- Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
- Neutropenia
Interactions
- May potentiate warfarin's anticoagulant effects
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 20-36 hours
- Metabolism: hepatic
- Excretion: Renal
==Mechanism of Action
- Hyperglycemic: inhibits pancreatic insulin release
- Antihypertensive: arteriolar vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
References
Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999 Epocrates