Ultrasound: Lungs: Difference between revisions
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==Technique== | |||
*Use linear probe | |||
**Can use curvilinear or phased array probe, but will need to decrease depth | |||
*Place the probe vertically (marker toward head) over the 2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line | |||
*Adjust your view in order to see a rib on each side of the screen (designated by rib shadow) | |||
*Look between the ribs for "lung sliding" | |||
**To document sliding on a single image, use M mode ("waves on a beach") | |||
*Can continue to evaluate each intercostal space for sliding if needed | |||
==Pneumothorax== | |||
*No lung sliding seen (not specific for pneumothorax) | |||
*May also identify "lung point": distinct point where you no longer see lung sliding (pathognomonic) | |||
*Evaluate other intercostal spaces because pneumothorax may only be seen in least dependent area of thorax | |||
[[File:Lung Point Bowra.gif|thumbnail|Lung point<ref>http://www.thepocusatlas.com/pulmonary/</ref>]] | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Z-lines and lung sliding.png | |||
File:No lung sliding.png | |||
File:Lung sliding M mode.png | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Pulmonary edema== | ==Pulmonary edema== | ||
*A lines and B lines | *A lines and B lines | ||
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***White lines from the pleura to the bottom of the screen | ***White lines from the pleura to the bottom of the screen | ||
***Highly sensitive for pulmonary edema, but can be present at low wedge pressures | ***Highly sensitive for pulmonary edema, but can be present at low wedge pressures | ||
[[File:B-lines.png|250px]] | |||
==BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) Protocol<ref>http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol</ref>== | ==BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) Protocol<ref>http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol</ref>== | ||
[[File:Dyspnea Ultrasound.png|thumb|Algorithm for the Use of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Dyspnea]] | |||
*Predominant A lines + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD | *Predominant A lines + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD | ||
*Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly with lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema | *Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly with lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema | ||
*Normal anterior profile + DVT = PE | *Normal anterior profile + [[DVT]]= PE | ||
*Anterior absent lung sliding + A lines + lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX) | *Anterior absent lung sliding + A lines + lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX) | ||
*Anterior alveolar consolidations, anterior diffuse B lines with abolished lung sliding, anterior asymmetric interstitial patterns, posterior consolidations or effusions | *Anterior alveolar consolidations, anterior diffuse B lines with abolished lung sliding, anterior asymmetric interstitial patterns, posterior consolidations or effusions with out anterior diffuse B lines = Pneumonia | ||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Radiology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pulmonary]] | ||
[[Category:Ultrasound]] |
Revision as of 17:51, 8 September 2018
Technique
- Use linear probe
- Can use curvilinear or phased array probe, but will need to decrease depth
- Place the probe vertically (marker toward head) over the 2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line
- Adjust your view in order to see a rib on each side of the screen (designated by rib shadow)
- Look between the ribs for "lung sliding"
- To document sliding on a single image, use M mode ("waves on a beach")
- Can continue to evaluate each intercostal space for sliding if needed
Pneumothorax
- No lung sliding seen (not specific for pneumothorax)
- May also identify "lung point": distinct point where you no longer see lung sliding (pathognomonic)
- Evaluate other intercostal spaces because pneumothorax may only be seen in least dependent area of thorax
Pulmonary edema
- A lines and B lines
- A lines:
- Appear as horizontal lines
- Indicate dry interlobular septa.
- Predominance of A lines has 90% sensitivity, 67% specificity for pulmonary artery wedge pressure <= 13mm Hg
- A line predominance suggests that intravenous fluids may be safely given without concern for pulmonary edema
- B lines ("comets"):
- White lines from the pleura to the bottom of the screen
- Highly sensitive for pulmonary edema, but can be present at low wedge pressures
- A lines:
BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) Protocol[2]
- Predominant A lines + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD
- Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly with lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema
- Normal anterior profile + DVT= PE
- Anterior absent lung sliding + A lines + lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX)
- Anterior alveolar consolidations, anterior diffuse B lines with abolished lung sliding, anterior asymmetric interstitial patterns, posterior consolidations or effusions with out anterior diffuse B lines = Pneumonia
Further Reading
References
- ↑ http://www.thepocusatlas.com/pulmonary/
- ↑ http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol