Ultrasound: Lungs: Difference between revisions

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==Technique==
*Use linear probe
**Can use curvilinear or phased array probe, but will need to decrease depth
*Place the probe vertically (marker toward head) over the 2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line
*Adjust your view in order to see a rib on each side of the screen (designated by rib shadow)
*Look between the ribs for "lung sliding"
**To document sliding on a single image, use M mode ("waves on a beach")
*Can continue to evaluate each intercostal space for sliding if needed
==Pneumothorax==
*No lung sliding seen (not specific for pneumothorax)
*May also identify "lung point": distinct point where you no longer see lung sliding (pathognomonic)
*Evaluate other intercostal spaces because pneumothorax may only be seen in least dependent area of thorax
[[File:Lung Point Bowra.gif|thumbnail|Lung point<ref>http://www.thepocusatlas.com/pulmonary/</ref>]]
<gallery>
File:Z-lines and lung sliding.png
File:No lung sliding.png
File:Lung sliding M mode.png
</gallery>
==Pulmonary edema==
==Pulmonary edema==
*A lines and B lines
*A lines and B lines
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***White lines from the pleura to the bottom of the screen
***White lines from the pleura to the bottom of the screen
***Highly sensitive for pulmonary edema, but can be present at low wedge pressures
***Highly sensitive for pulmonary edema, but can be present at low wedge pressures
[[File:B-lines.png|250px]]


==BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) Protocol<ref>http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol</ref>==
==BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) Protocol<ref>http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol</ref>==
[[File:Dyspnea Ultrasound.png|thumb|Algorithm for the Use of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Dyspnea]]
*Predominant A lines + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD
*Predominant A lines + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD
*Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly with lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema
*Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly with lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema
*Normal anterior profile + DVT = PE
*Normal anterior profile + [[DVT]]= PE
*Anterior absent lung sliding + A lines + lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX)
*Anterior absent lung sliding + A lines + lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX)
*Anterior alveolar consolidations, anterior diffuse B lines with abolished lung sliding, anterior asymmetric interstitial patterns, posterior consolidations or effusions w/o anterior diffuse B lines = Pneumonia (PNA)
*Anterior alveolar consolidations, anterior diffuse B lines with abolished lung sliding, anterior asymmetric interstitial patterns, posterior consolidations or effusions with out anterior diffuse B lines = Pneumonia


==Further Reading==
==Further Reading==
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==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Rads]]
[[Category:Radiology]]
[[Category:Pulm]]
[[Category:Pulmonary]]
[[Category:Ultrasound]]

Revision as of 17:51, 8 September 2018

Technique

  • Use linear probe
    • Can use curvilinear or phased array probe, but will need to decrease depth
  • Place the probe vertically (marker toward head) over the 2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line
  • Adjust your view in order to see a rib on each side of the screen (designated by rib shadow)
  • Look between the ribs for "lung sliding"
    • To document sliding on a single image, use M mode ("waves on a beach")
  • Can continue to evaluate each intercostal space for sliding if needed

Pneumothorax

  • No lung sliding seen (not specific for pneumothorax)
  • May also identify "lung point": distinct point where you no longer see lung sliding (pathognomonic)
  • Evaluate other intercostal spaces because pneumothorax may only be seen in least dependent area of thorax
Lung point[1]

Pulmonary edema

  • A lines and B lines
    • A lines:
      • Appear as horizontal lines
      • Indicate dry interlobular septa.
      • Predominance of A lines has 90% sensitivity, 67% specificity for pulmonary artery wedge pressure <= 13mm Hg
      • A line predominance suggests that intravenous fluids may be safely given without concern for pulmonary edema
    • B lines ("comets"):
      • White lines from the pleura to the bottom of the screen
      • Highly sensitive for pulmonary edema, but can be present at low wedge pressures

B-lines.png

BLUE (Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency) Protocol[2]

Algorithm for the Use of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Dyspnea
  • Predominant A lines + lung sliding = Asthma/COPD
  • Multiple predominant B lines anteriorly with lung sliding = Pulmonary Edema
  • Normal anterior profile + DVT= PE
  • Anterior absent lung sliding + A lines + lung point = Pneumothorax (PTX)
  • Anterior alveolar consolidations, anterior diffuse B lines with abolished lung sliding, anterior asymmetric interstitial patterns, posterior consolidations or effusions with out anterior diffuse B lines = Pneumonia

Further Reading

References

  1. http://www.thepocusatlas.com/pulmonary/
  2. http://ccm.anest.ufl.edu/files/2012/08/BLUELung.pdf Relevance of Lung Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure - The BLUE Protocol