Scuba diving emergencies: Difference between revisions

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==Types==
{{Scuba diving DDX}}
{{Scuba diving DDX}}


==Barotrauma of Ascent==
==Differential Diagnosis==
===[[Pulmonary barotrauma]]===
{{Water related injuries DDX}}
*Occurs when diver breathing compressed air ascends too rapidly
*Symptoms occur minutes to hours after surfacing
**Can occur without rapid ascent in pts w/ obstructive lung disease
*Lung rupture can lead to pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, or air embolism
**Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax do not require recompression
===[[Decompression sickness]] (DCS)===
*Dissolved inert gases come out of solution and form bubbles in blood and tissue
====Types====
=====Type I (Pain only DCS)=====
*Involves the joints, extremities, and skin ("cutis marmorata")
*Usually only single joint is involved
=====Type II (Serious DCS)=====
*Spinal cord involvement
**Ascending paralysis
**Signs often cannot be traced to single location in the cord (may have skip lesions)
*Vestibular ("staggers") involvment
**Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus
***Differentiated from inner ear barotrauma which usually occurs on descent
*Pulmonary "chokes"
**Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, substernal chest pain
=====Type III (Type II + gas embolism)=====
*Variety of stroke symptoms/signs
**May spontaneously resolve


===[[Arterial gas embolism===
==See Also==
*Results from pulmonary barotrauma (most common) and decompression sickness
*Symptoms develop during ascent or immediately upon surfacing
*Causes variety of stroke syndromes depending on part of brain affected
**Immediate death, loss of consciousness, seizure, blindness, hemiplegia
:;Treatment
#Place in supine position
#100% O2
#IVF (increases tissue perfusion)
#Rapid recompression


==At Depth injuries==
[[Category:Environmental]]
*[[Oxygen toxicity]]
*[[Nitrogen narcosis]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*Contaminated gas mixture (e.g. [[CO toxicity]])
 
==Source==
Tintinalli
 
 
[[Category:Environ]]

Revision as of 14:47, 22 March 2016

Types

Diving Emergencies

Differential Diagnosis

Water-related injuries

See Also