Sarcoidosis: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
==Background==
[[File:SarcoidXray.png|thumb|Sarcoid Xray - hilar adenopathy]]
*Abnormal collection of inflammatory cells (granulomas) throughout the body.
**Most common location for granulomas to occur are the lung, skin, heart, and brain.
**Exact cause unknown - thought to be related to an immune reaction to a prior insult such as infection or chemical exposure earlier in life.
**Do not confuse with infectious granulomatous processes such as [[tuberculosis]].
 
==Clinical Features==
==Clinical Features==
[[File:PMC3505767 ad-24-383-g009.png|thumb|Sarcoidosis. (A) Subcutaneous nodules without changes in overlying epidermis. (B) Characteristic non-caseating granuloma with giant cell.]]
''Depend on location of granulomata. May be entirely asymptomatic.''
*Respiratory
**Due to pulmonary granulomata
**[[Shortness of breath]]
**[[Cough]]
**[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
**[[lung abscess|Pulmonary abscesses]]/[[empyema]]
**[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Erythema nodosum]] and other skin lesions
*Fatigue
*Weight loss
*[[Arthralgia]]s
*Cardiopulmonary
**[[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
**[[Arrhythmias]] due to conduction disturbance
*Endocrine
**[[Hypercalcemia]]
**[[Hypothyroidism]]
**[[Adrenal insufficiency]]
*Ocular
**[[Dacryoadenitis]] (lacrimal duct inflammation)
**[[Optic neuritis]]
**[[Iritis]]


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
*Malignancy
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*Histiocytosis X
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Polymyalgia rheumatica]]


==Workup==
==Evaluation==
[[File:SarcoidXray.png|thumb|Sarcoid Xray - hilar adenopathy]]
*Definitive initial diagnosis unlikely to be made in ED, but may be suggested by typical granulomatous lesions seen on CT or other imaging in setting of appropriate clinical context
*Evaluate for complications/alternative diagnoses of presenting symptoms


==Management==
==Management==
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*Treat complications


==Disposition==
==Disposition==
*Dependent on presentation


==See Also==
==See Also==


==External Links==
==External Links==


==Sources==
 
==References==
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:Pulmonary]]
[[Category:Pulmonary]]

Revision as of 16:58, 9 September 2020

Background

  • Abnormal collection of inflammatory cells (granulomas) throughout the body.
    • Most common location for granulomas to occur are the lung, skin, heart, and brain.
    • Exact cause unknown - thought to be related to an immune reaction to a prior insult such as infection or chemical exposure earlier in life.
    • Do not confuse with infectious granulomatous processes such as tuberculosis.

Clinical Features

Sarcoidosis. (A) Subcutaneous nodules without changes in overlying epidermis. (B) Characteristic non-caseating granuloma with giant cell.

Depend on location of granulomata. May be entirely asymptomatic.


Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

Sarcoid Xray - hilar adenopathy
  • Definitive initial diagnosis unlikely to be made in ED, but may be suggested by typical granulomatous lesions seen on CT or other imaging in setting of appropriate clinical context
  • Evaluate for complications/alternative diagnoses of presenting symptoms

Management

Disposition

  • Dependent on presentation

See Also

External Links

References