Ritonavir: Difference between revisions

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#REDIRECT [[lopinavir]]
==Background==
==Background==
Ritonavir is usually given in combination with [[lopinavir]] for both treatment of [[HIV]] and [[HIV post-exposure prophylaxis]]. It is currently being studied in the use of [[COVID-19]] as well.
Ritonavir is usually given in combination with [[lopinavir]] for both treatment of [[HIV]] and [[HIV post-exposure prophylaxis]]. It is currently being studied in the use of [[COVID-19]] as well.

Latest revision as of 19:07, 22 March 2020

Background

Ritonavir is usually given in combination with lopinavir for both treatment of HIV and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. It is currently being studied in the use of COVID-19 as well.

Administration

  • Type: Antiviral
  • Dosage Forms: 100 mg
  • Routes of Administration: PO
  • Common Trade Names: Norvir

Adult Dosing

  • HIV Treatment
    • Protease inhibitor boosting
      • 100-400 mg/day QD-BID
    • Sole protease inhibitor
      • 600 mg PO BID
      • Start with 300 mg PO BID, increased by 200 mg/day every 2-3 days

Pediatric Dosing

  • HIV Treatment
    • Can be given in >1 month old, dosing varies based on other concominant treatments
  • HIV post-exposure prophylaxis
    • Can be given in >3 years old, dosing varies based on other concominant treatments

Special Populations

Pregnancy Rating

  • HIV: Benefits outweight risk during pregnancy. Avoid oral solution due to alcohol content.

Lactation risk

  • Avoid breastfeeding

Renal Dosing

  • Adult: No adjustment
  • Pediatric: Not defined, but likely no adjustment as in adults

Hepatic Dosing

  • Adult:
    • Mild-moderate impairment: no adjustment
    • Severe impairment: not defined
  • Pediatric:
    • Mild-moderate impairment: no adjustment
    • Severe impairment: not defined

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug

Adverse Reactions

Serious

Common

  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Paresthesia
  • Fatigue
  • Rash
  • Abdominal pain
  • Cough
  • Dysgeusia
  • Oropharyngeal pain
  • Dizziness
  • AST, ALT, CK elevation
  • Edema
  • Acne
  • Lipodystrophy

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 3-5 hours
  • Metabolism: Liver (CYP450)
  • Excretion: Fecal

Mechanism of Action

  • Binds to active site of HIV protease, preventing maturation of the virus

Comments

A trial of lopinavir/ritonavir is currently being done to study use in COVID-19. So far, studies have not shown significant benefit in time to clinical improvement. Mortality at 28 days is lower but not statistically significant.[1]

See Also


References

  1. Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 18]. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2001282. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001282