Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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Background

  • Muscle is stiff from fibrosis or infiltrating process (e.g. amyloidosis, hemochromatosis)
  • Form of diastolic dysfunction (difficulty filling); ventricular endocardial thickening or myocardial infiltration-->high filling pressures, impaired diastolic filling-->mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation--> venous pulmonary hypertension
    • Ventricular EF typically normal, though systolic function may deteriorate in absence of compensatory hypertrophy
  • If nodal/conduction tissues affected by infiltrative/fibrotic process, may cause SA or AV block
  • Must distinguish from constrictive pericarditis

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Cardiomyopathy

Evaluation

Workup

showing ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities

  • CXR- heart typically normally sized, though can be enlarged in advanced stages of some underlying disease processes
  • Echocardiography
    • Normal LVEF
    • Elevated LV filling pressures, impaired longitudinal contraction
    • +/- dilated atria, myocardial hypertrophy

Diagnosis

  • Consider if CHF but no evidence of cardiomegaly or systolic dysfunction
  • Definitive diagnosis may require MRI, catheterization, biopsy

Management

  • Symptom-directed
    • Diuretics for edema or pulmonary vascular congestion
      • Caution as cardiac output preload dependant
    • Caution with afterload reduction as may cause profound hypotension
    • Treat arrhythmias
      • Avoid digoxin in amyloidosis as sensitivity to dig-induced arrhythmias common

Disposition

See Also

External Links

References