Phylum porifera: Difference between revisions

 
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==Background==
==Background==
[[File:Phylum porifera.jpg|thumb|]]
*Also known as "sponges"
===Life and Habitat===
===Life and Habitat===
* Approximately 5000 species of sponge
* Approximately 5000 species of sponge
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==Clinical Features==
==Clinical Features==
[[File:PMC3760923 abd-88-0496-g02.png|thumb|Left: eczema-like plaques on the hand after known marinesponge exposure. Right: disseminated excoriated papules in a swimmer after diving in a lake in the Amazon region.]]
* Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
* Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
* Pruritic dermatitis and rarely erythema multiforme or anaphylactoid reaction
* Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact  
* Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact  
* Starts with pruritis and burning  
* Starts with [[pruritus]] and burning  
** May progress to local edema, proximal joint swelling, or vesiculation
*Maculopapular rash with local edema, bullae formation, paresthesias and possible joint swelling <ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
** When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have fever, malaise, dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps
**When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have [[fever]], malaise, [[dizziness]], [[nausea]], muscle cramps
* Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days  
* Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days
* Pruritic [[rash|dermatitis]] and rarely [[erythema multiforme]] or [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactoid reaction]]


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
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==Management==
==Management==
* Gently dry skin
* Gently dry skin
* Attempt to remove small spicules imbedded in skin
* Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin
** May use adhesive tape  
** May use adhesive tape  
* Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily  
* Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily  
** If unavailable may use 40-70% isopropyl alcohol  
** If unavailable may use 40-70% [[isopropyl alcohol]]
* Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation  
* [[Topical steroids]] may relieve secondary inflammation  
* Tetanus prophylaxis  
*Oral steroids for [[erythema multiforme]] or dyshidrotic eczema<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
* [[Tetanus prophylaxis]]
* Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection
* Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection


==Disposition==
==Disposition==
 
*If hemodynamically stable & pain controlled, patient may be discharged home


==See Also==
==See Also==
 
*[[Marine toxins and envenomations]]


==External Links==
==External Links==
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* Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.
* Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[category:Environmental]]

Latest revision as of 05:20, 17 August 2021

Background

Phylum porifera.jpg
  • Also known as "sponges"

Life and Habitat

  • Approximately 5000 species of sponge
  • Generally stationary and attach to see floor or coral beds

Relevant species

  • Most common Tedania ignis (Hawaiian or West Indian fire sponge)
    • Found in Florida and Hawaii
  • Fibula nolitangere (poison bun sponge)
  • Microciona prolifera (red moss sponge)

Clinical Features

Left: eczema-like plaques on the hand after known marinesponge exposure. Right: disseminated excoriated papules in a swimmer after diving in a lake in the Amazon region.
  • Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
  • Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact
  • Starts with pruritus and burning
  • Maculopapular rash with local edema, bullae formation, paresthesias and possible joint swelling [1]
    • When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have fever, malaise, dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps
  • Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days
  • Pruritic dermatitis and rarely erythema multiforme or anaphylactoid reaction

Differential Diagnosis

Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites

Evaluation

Management

  • Gently dry skin
  • Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin
    • May use adhesive tape
  • Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily
  • Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation
  • Oral steroids for erythema multiforme or dyshidrotic eczema[2]
  • Tetanus prophylaxis
  • Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection

Disposition

  • If hemodynamically stable & pain controlled, patient may be discharged home

See Also

External Links

References

  • Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.
  1. Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.
  2. Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.