Phylum porifera: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
[[File:Phylum porifera.jpg|thumb|]] | |||
*Also known as "sponges" | |||
===Life and Habitat=== | ===Life and Habitat=== | ||
* Approximately 5000 species of sponge | * Approximately 5000 species of sponge | ||
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
[[File:PMC3760923 abd-88-0496-g02.png|thumb|Left: eczema-like plaques on the hand after known marinesponge exposure. Right: disseminated excoriated papules in a swimmer after diving in a lake in the Amazon region.]] | |||
* Symptoms caused by contact with sponge | * Symptoms caused by contact with sponge | ||
* Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact | * Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact | ||
* Starts with | * Starts with [[pruritus]] and burning | ||
* | *Maculopapular rash with local edema, bullae formation, paresthesias and possible joint swelling <ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref> | ||
** When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have fever, malaise, dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps | **When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have [[fever]], malaise, [[dizziness]], [[nausea]], muscle cramps | ||
* Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days | * Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days | ||
* Pruritic [[rash|dermatitis]] and rarely [[erythema multiforme]] or [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactoid reaction]] | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
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==Management== | ==Management== | ||
* Gently dry skin | * Gently dry skin | ||
* Attempt to remove small spicules | * Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin | ||
** May use adhesive tape | ** May use adhesive tape | ||
* Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily | * Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily | ||
** If unavailable may use 40-70% isopropyl alcohol | ** If unavailable may use 40-70% [[isopropyl alcohol]] | ||
* Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation | * [[Topical steroids]] may relieve secondary inflammation | ||
* Tetanus prophylaxis | *Oral steroids for [[erythema multiforme]] or dyshidrotic eczema<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref> | ||
* [[Tetanus prophylaxis]] | |||
* Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection | * Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection | ||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*If hemodynamically stable & pain controlled, patient may be discharged home | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Marine toxins and envenomations]] | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
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* Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682. | * Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682. | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Toxicology]] | |||
[[category:Environmental]] |
Latest revision as of 05:20, 17 August 2021
Background
- Also known as "sponges"
Life and Habitat
- Approximately 5000 species of sponge
- Generally stationary and attach to see floor or coral beds
Relevant species
- Most common Tedania ignis (Hawaiian or West Indian fire sponge)
- Found in Florida and Hawaii
- Fibula nolitangere (poison bun sponge)
- Microciona prolifera (red moss sponge)
Clinical Features
- Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
- Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact
- Starts with pruritus and burning
- Maculopapular rash with local edema, bullae formation, paresthesias and possible joint swelling [1]
- Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days
- Pruritic dermatitis and rarely erythema multiforme or anaphylactoid reaction
Differential Diagnosis
Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites
- Toxins
- Ciguatera
- Scombroid
- Tetrodotoxin (e.g. pufferfish)
- Shellfish poisoning
- Amnesic shellfish poisoning
- Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
- Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
- Paralytic shellfish poisoning
- Stingers
- Venomous fish
- Cone shell
- Lionfish
- Sea urchins
- Crown-of-Thorns Starfish
- Stonefish
- Other: Catfish, zebrafish, scorpion fish
- Nematocysts
- Coral reef
- Fire coral
- Jellyfish (Cnidaria)
- Portuguese man-of-war
- Sea anemones
- Seabather's eruption
- Phylum porifera (sponges)
- Bites
- Infections
Evaluation
Management
- Gently dry skin
- Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin
- May use adhesive tape
- Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily
- If unavailable may use 40-70% isopropyl alcohol
- Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation
- Oral steroids for erythema multiforme or dyshidrotic eczema[2]
- Tetanus prophylaxis
- Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection
Disposition
- If hemodynamically stable & pain controlled, patient may be discharged home
See Also
External Links
References
- Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.
- ↑ Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.
- ↑ Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.