Difference between revisions of "Phylum porifera"
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Also known as "sponges" | *Also known as "sponges" | ||
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
* Symptoms caused by contact with sponge | * Symptoms caused by contact with sponge | ||
| − | * Pruritic dermatitis and rarely erythema multiforme or anaphylactoid reaction | + | * Pruritic dermatitis and rarely [[erythema multiforme]] or anaphylactoid reaction |
* Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact | * Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact | ||
* Starts with pruritis and burning | * Starts with pruritis and burning | ||
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==Management== | ==Management== | ||
* Gently dry skin | * Gently dry skin | ||
| − | * Attempt to remove small spicules | + | * Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin |
** May use adhesive tape | ** May use adhesive tape | ||
* Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily | * Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily | ||
| − | ** If unavailable may use 40-70% isopropyl alcohol | + | ** If unavailable may use 40-70% [[isopropyl alcohol]] |
| − | * Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation | + | * [[Topical steroids]] may relieve secondary inflammation |
| − | * Tetanus prophylaxis | + | * [[Tetanus prophylaxis]] |
* Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection | * Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection | ||
Revision as of 09:41, 27 May 2019
Contents
Background
- Also known as "sponges"
Life and Habitat
- Approximately 5000 species of sponge
- Generally stationary and attach to see floor or coral beds
Relevant species
- Most common Tedania ignis (Hawaiian or West Indian fire sponge)
- Found in Florida and Hawaii
- Fibula nolitangere (poison bun sponge)
- Microciona prolifera (red moss sponge)
Clinical Features
- Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
- Pruritic dermatitis and rarely erythema multiforme or anaphylactoid reaction
- Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact
- Starts with pruritis and burning
- May progress to local edema, proximal joint swelling, or vesiculation
- When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have fever, malaise, dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps
- Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days
Differential Diagnosis
Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites
- Toxins
- Stingers
- Venomous fish (catfish, zebrafish, scorpion fish, stonefish)
- Nematocysts
- Coral reef
- Fire coral
- Jellyfish (Cnidaria)
- Portuguese man-of-war
- Sea anemones
- Seabather's eruption
- Phylum porifera (sponges)
- Bites
- Infections
Evaluation
Management
- Gently dry skin
- Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin
- May use adhesive tape
- Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily
- If unavailable may use 40-70% isopropyl alcohol
- Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation
- Tetanus prophylaxis
- Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection
Disposition
See Also
External Links
References
- Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.