Pelvic inflammatory disease: Difference between revisions

Line 82: Line 82:
=== Inpatient ===
=== Inpatient ===
#[[Cefoxitin]] 2gm IV q6hr OR [[cefotetan]] 2gm IV q12hr) + [[doxycycline]] PO or IV 100 mg q12hr OR
#[[Cefoxitin]] 2gm IV q6hr OR [[cefotetan]] 2gm IV q12hr) + [[doxycycline]] PO or IV 100 mg q12hr OR
#[[Clindamycin]] 900mg IV q8h + [[Genamicin]] 2mg/kg QD OR
#[[Clindamycin]] 900mg IV q8h + [[gentamicin]] 2mg/kg QD OR
#Ampicillin/sulbactam 3gm IV q6hr + [[doxycycline]] 100mg IV/PO q12hr
#Ampicillin/sulbactam 3gm IV q6hr + [[doxycycline]] 100mg IV/PO q12hr



Revision as of 05:05, 28 June 2014

Background

  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) comprises spectrum of infections of the upper reproductive tract:
    • Salpingitis, endometritis, myo/parametritis, oophoritis
      • Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis) is caused by lymphatic spread
      • Tubo-ovarain abscess is caused by direct extension
  • Most common serious infection in women aged 16 to 25 years
    • Most common cause of death is rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess
  • Begins as cervicitis w/ GC or chlamydia that may progress to polymicrobial infection
    • Initial lower tract infection may be asymptomatic

Diagnosis

History

  1. Pelvic Pain (90%)
  2. Vaginal discharge (75%)
  3. Vaginal and postcoital bleeding (>33%)
  4. Dysuria, fever, malaise, N/V

Physical Exam

  1. CMT
  2. Adnexal tenderness
    • Most sensitive finding (Sn ~95%)
  3. Mucopurulent cervicitis
    • Absence should raise consideration of another dx
  4. RUQ Pain
    • May indicate perihepatic inflammation (particularly w/ jaundice)

Work-Up

  1. Urine pregnancy
  2. Wet mount
  3. GC/Chlam swab
  4. CBC
  5. ESR/CRP
  6. UA

Imaging

  1. Pelvic US
    1. Ultrasound sensitivity may be as low as 56% and specificity of 85% [1]
  2. CT

DDX

  1. Cervicitis
  2. Ectopic Pregnancy
  3. Endometriosis
  4. Ovarian Cyst
  5. Ovarian Torsion
  6. Spontaneous abortion
  7. Septic abortion
  8. Cholecystitis
  9. Gastroenteritis
  10. Appendicitis
  11. Diverticulitis
  12. Pyelonephritis
  13. Renal Colic

CDC Treatment Criteria

  1. Woman at risk for STIs
  2. Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
  3. No cause for the illness other than PID can be identified
  4. At least one of the following on pelvic exam:
    1. CMT
    2. Uterine tenderness
    3. Adnexal tenderness.
  5. Additional criteria that make the dx more likely:
    1. Oral temperature >101° F (>38.3° C)
    2. Abnormal cervical or vaginal mucopurulent discharge
    3. Pesence of abundant numbers of WBC on saline microscopy of vaginal fluid
    4. Elevated ESR
    5. Elevated CRP
    6. Laboratory documentation of cervical infection with GC or chlamydia

Treatment

  1. Tx all partners who had sex w/ pt during previous 60d prior to onset of sx

Outpatient

  1. Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1 + doxycycline 100mg PO BID x14d +/- metronidazole 500mg PO BID x14d
    1. Metronidazole based upon assessment of risk for anaerobes; consider in:
      1. Pelvic abscess
      2. Proven or suspected infection w/ Trichomonas or Bacterial Vaginosis
      3. History of gynecological instrumentation in the preceding 2-3wks

Inpatient

  1. Cefoxitin 2gm IV q6hr OR cefotetan 2gm IV q12hr) + doxycycline PO or IV 100 mg q12hr OR
  2. Clindamycin 900mg IV q8h + gentamicin 2mg/kg QD OR
  3. Ampicillin/sulbactam 3gm IV q6hr + doxycycline 100mg IV/PO q12hr

Disposition

Admit:

  1. Tubo-ovarian abscess
  2. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Sepsis/peritonitis
  5. Unable to tolerate PO
  6. Failed outpt Rx
  7. HIV+

Discharge:

  1. 72hr f/u
  2. Instruct pt to abstain from sex or adhere strictly to condom use until sx have abated

Complications

  1. Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
  2. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
    1. Perihepatic inflammation seen only on CT, not US; LFTs are normal
    2. Responds to standard abx regimen
  3. Infertility
  4. Ectopic Pregnancy
  5. Chronic pelvic pain

See Also

Source

CDC 2010, Tintinalli

  1. Lee DC, Swaminathan AK. Sensitivity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess: a case report and literature review. J Emerg Med. 2011 Feb;40(2):170-5. doi: 10.1016 PMID 20466506