Orchitis

Revision as of 17:01, 22 March 2016 by Ostermayer (talk | contribs) (Text replacement - "Category:GU" to "Category:Urology")

Background

  • Inflammation of testis - can be infectious (usually) or non-infectious
  • Infectious
    • Viral - most common etiology is mumps (orchitis seen in 20-30% of mumps patients)[1]
      • Epididymis typically not involved
    • Bacterial - typically due to hematogenous spread from epididymis: "epididymo-orchitis"
      • (bacterial infections rarely involve only the testis)
      • bacterial pathogens: N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, E. Coli, Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa

Clinical Features

  • Testicular tenderness, edema
  • May see erythema of overlying scrotum
  • Viral orchitis
    • Abrupt onset of scrotal pain/swelling 4-7 days after onset of parotitis[1]
    • Usually unilateral
  • Fever, tachycardia
  • Inguinal lymphadenopathy
  • Pt uncomfortable while seated

Differential Diagnosis

Testicular Diagnoses

Diagnosis

Work-Up

  • Testicular ultrasound
  • Urinalysis and urine culture
  • May also consider GC, Chlamydia cultures

Evaluation

  • Combination of clinical features and results of imaging/UA
  • Ultraound may show inflammation, epididymitis, and rules out active torsion
  • UA positive for infection in epididymo-orchitis

Management

  • Viral orchitis (mumps): supportive care, cold packs, scrotal elevation, analgesia.
  • Bacterial orchitis (epididymo-orchitis):
    • <35yo (assume sexually transmitted):
      • Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1 AND
      • Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x14 days OR Azithromycin 1gm x1
      • Also treat sexual partner
    • >35yo, h/o anal intercourse or non-sexually active:
      • Ofloxacin 300mg PO BID x14 days OR Levofloxacin 500mg QD x10 days OR Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x14 days
      • IV: piperacillin/taxobactam 3.375g IV q6 or ampicillin/sulbactam 3g IV q6

Disposition

  • Generally may be discharged home

See Also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Trojian, Thomas H., Timothy S. Lishnak, and Diana Heiman. "Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview." Am Fam Physician 79.7 (2009): 583-587.