Non-thumb metacarpal fracture (neck)

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Examination

  • TTP or ecchymosis on the palmar bony surface is highly suggestive of fracture
  • Loss of the normal knuckle contour
    • Due to dorsal angulation of fracture apex due to pull of the interosseous muscles
  • Assess angulation[1]
    • Head-to-neck angle of the metacarpals is normally 15 degrees
      • Fracture angulation = measured angle minus 15 deg
    • Angle toleration (below which there is no adverse functional outcome)
      • 2nd MC < 10 deg
      • 3rd MC < 20 deg
      • 4th MC < 30 deg
      • 5th MC < 30-40 deg
  • Assess rotational alignment by looking for overlap of the 5th over the 4th digit (scissoring or psuedoscissoring)
  • Assess extensor apparatus
  • Assess skin integrity

Differential Diagnosis

Hand and Finger Fracture Types

Management

  • Ulnar Gutter Splint or Radial Gutter Splint]
    • MCP joints in 70-90 deg flexion, wrist in 20-30 deg extension, PIP and DIP joints in 5-10 deg of flexion[2]
  • Acute reduction indicated:
    • Pseudoclawing
    • Significantly angulated 4th or 5th MC fracture
    • Rotational malalignment
  • Reduction technique:
    • Pain control and/or hematoma block
    • Flex MCP joint then apply axial traction while placing pressure over metacarpal shaft
    • Can be difficult to reduce or maintain reduction. Early hand referral if not successful

Dispoition

  • Refer for:
    • Comminution
    • Rotational malalignment
    • Unsuccessful reduction if required[1]

See Also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 German C. Hand and wrist emergencies. In: Bond M, ed. Orthopedic Emergencies: Expert Management for the Emergency Physician. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; October 31, 2013.
  2. Hofmeister, EP. Comparison of 2 methods of immobilization of fifth metacarpal neck fractures: a prospective randomized study. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2008; 33(8):1362-1368.