Non-neonatal hypoglycemia (peds): Difference between revisions
(Text replacement - "sz" to "seizure") |
No edit summary |
||
(9 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
''This page is for <u>non-neonatal pediatric</u> hypoglycemia. See [[hypoglycemia]] for adult patients or [[neonatal hypoglycemia]].'' | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
===Etiology=== | ===Etiology=== | ||
Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
*Prematurity (inadequate glycogen stores) | *Prematurity (inadequate glycogen stores) | ||
*Sepsis | *Sepsis | ||
*Etoh exposure (children have low glycogen stores) | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Most common features: vomiting, | *Most common features: vomiting, altered mental status, poor feeding | ||
**May also see lethargy, apnea, seizure | **May also see lethargy, apnea, seizure | ||
Line 18: | Line 20: | ||
*[[Sepsis (peds)|Sepsis]] | *[[Sepsis (peds)|Sepsis]] | ||
== | ==Evaluation== | ||
===Work-Up=== | ===Work-Up=== | ||
*Blood glucose level | *Blood glucose level | ||
* | *[[Urinalysis]] | ||
**If ketones: adrenal or GH deficiency, inborn errors of metabolism | **If ketones: adrenal or GH deficiency, inborn errors of metabolism | ||
**If no ketones: Hyperinsulinemia, fatty acid oxidation defects | **If no ketones: Hyperinsulinemia, fatty acid oxidation defects | ||
===Diagnosis=== | |||
*Blood glucose <45 in symptomatic neonate | |||
*Blood glucose <35 in asymptomatic neonate | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
''See [[critical care quick reference]] for doses by weight | ''See [[critical care quick reference]] for doses by weight | ||
*Glucose | *Glucose | ||
**Bolus [[D10W]] 2mL/kg; then infuse D10W | **Bolus [[D10W]] 2mL/kg; then infuse D10W at 0.06-0.08mL/kg/min | ||
*[[Glucagon]] | *[[Glucagon]] | ||
**Used for persistent hypoglycemia despite glucose administration | **Used for persistent hypoglycemia despite glucose administration | ||
**0. | **Will not work with etoh exposure as glycogen stores are already low | ||
**0.03mg/kg IM/IV | |||
{{Pediatric hypoglycemia chart}} | {{Pediatric hypoglycemia chart}} |
Revision as of 16:17, 15 March 2019
This page is for non-neonatal pediatric hypoglycemia. See hypoglycemia for adult patients or neonatal hypoglycemia.
Background
Etiology
- Inadequate oral intake
- Excess insulin
- Newborns of diabetic mothers
- Deficient hyperglycemic hormones (GH or adrenal hormone deficiency)
- Fatty acid oxidation or carbohydrate metabolism disorders
- Prematurity (inadequate glycogen stores)
- Sepsis
- Etoh exposure (children have low glycogen stores)
Clinical Features
- Most common features: vomiting, altered mental status, poor feeding
- May also see lethargy, apnea, seizure
Differential Diagnosis
- Ingestions (e.g. ETOH)
- Metabolic disease^
- Sepsis
Evaluation
Work-Up
- Blood glucose level
- Urinalysis
- If ketones: adrenal or GH deficiency, inborn errors of metabolism
- If no ketones: Hyperinsulinemia, fatty acid oxidation defects
Diagnosis
- Blood glucose <45 in symptomatic neonate
- Blood glucose <35 in asymptomatic neonate
Management
See critical care quick reference for doses by weight
- Glucose
- Bolus D10W 2mL/kg; then infuse D10W at 0.06-0.08mL/kg/min
- Glucagon
- Used for persistent hypoglycemia despite glucose administration
- Will not work with etoh exposure as glycogen stores are already low
- 0.03mg/kg IM/IV
Pediatric Hypoglycemia Dextrose Chart
Category | Age | Glucose | Treatment | Initial IV Bolus | Maintenance Dose |
Neonatal | <2mo | <40 | D10W | 2.5-5 mL/kg | 6 mL/kg/h |
Pediatric | 2mo-8yrs | <60 | D25W | 2 mL/kg |
D10W:
|
Adult | >8yrs | <70 | D50W | 50mL (1 amp) OR 1 mL/kg |
- Consider diluting the D25W or D50W bolus, with NS 1-to-1, as those concentrations may be sclerosing to veins
- Recheck 5 minutes after dose and repeat dose if low.
- Consider glucagon IM/SQ if IV access is not readily available