Nitrofurantoin: Difference between revisions
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==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
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===Key=== | ===Key=== | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] |
Revision as of 02:35, 25 December 2016
General
- Type: Antibiotic
- Dosage Forms: oral
- Common Trade Names: Macrobid
Adult Dosing
- Monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid): 100mg PO q12h
- Macrocrystals: 50-100mg PO 4 times daily
Pediatric Dosing
- >12yo: same as adult dosing
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation Risk: Infant risk minimal
- Renal Dosing: Contraindicated if CrCl <60
- Hepatic dosing:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Neonates, pregnant women at term or when delivery imminent
- Renal failure due to accumulation of metabolites that may cause peripheral neuropathy[1]
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Hemolytic anemia can occur in patients with G6PD deficiency and in infants less than 1 month old
- Hepatic necrosis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice syndrome
- Erythema multiforme/SJS
- Pancreatitis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Pulmonary hypersensitivity
Common
- Nausea
- Headache
- Hemolytic anemia
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Excretion:
- Mechanism of Action: Inactivates bacterial ribosomal proteins
Antibiotic Sensitivities[2]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia