Nitrofurantoin: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: | *Type: [[Antibiotic]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: oral | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Common Trade Names: Macrobid | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
*Monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid): 100mg PO q12h | |||
*Macrocrystals: 50-100mg PO 4 times daily | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
*>12yo: same as above | |||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: | *[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: B | ||
*Lactation: | *Lactation Risk: Infant risk minimal | ||
*Renal Dosing | *Renal Dosing: Contraindicated if CrCl <60 | ||
*Hepatic dosing: | |||
*Hepatic | |||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Allergy to class/drug | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
*Neonates, pregnant women at term or when delivery imminent | |||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Hemolytic anemia can occur in patients with G6PD deficiency and in infants less than 1 month old | *Hemolytic anemia can occur in patients with G6PD deficiency and in infants less than 1 month old | ||
*Hepatic necrosis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice syndrome | |||
*Erythema multiforme/SJS | |||
*Pancreatitis | |||
*Peripheral neuropathy | |||
*Pulmonary hypersensitivity | |||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
*Nausea | |||
*Headache | |||
*Hemolytic anemia | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: | ||
*Mechanism of Action: | *Mechanism of Action: Inactivates bacterial ribosomal proteins | ||
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== |
Revision as of 21:08, 10 November 2016
General
- Type: Antibiotic
- Dosage Forms: oral
- Common Trade Names: Macrobid
Adult Dosing
- Monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid): 100mg PO q12h
- Macrocrystals: 50-100mg PO 4 times daily
Pediatric Dosing
- >12yo: same as above
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation Risk: Infant risk minimal
- Renal Dosing: Contraindicated if CrCl <60
- Hepatic dosing:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Neonates, pregnant women at term or when delivery imminent
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Hemolytic anemia can occur in patients with G6PD deficiency and in infants less than 1 month old
- Hepatic necrosis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice syndrome
- Erythema multiforme/SJS
- Pancreatitis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Pulmonary hypersensitivity
Common
- Nausea
- Headache
- Hemolytic anemia
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Excretion:
- Mechanism of Action: Inactivates bacterial ribosomal proteins
Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia
See Also
Source
- ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014