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| ==Work-Up== | | {{Adult top}} [[nausea and vomiting (peds)]]. For nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, see [[hyperemesis gravidarum]].'' |
| #CBC
| | ==Background== |
| #Chemistry
| | [[File:Nausea_and_vomiting.png|thumb|Nausea and Vomiting Algorithm]] |
| #Urine pregnancy
| |
| #LFTs
| |
| #Lipase
| |
| #APAP, ASA, digoxin levels
| |
| #UA
| |
| #?Abd xray
| |
| #?CT
| |
| #?US
| |
|
| |
|
| == Complications == | | ==Clinical Features== |
| #Hypovolemia
| | *Nausea and/or vomiting |
| #Metabolic alkalosis
| | *Additional features of underlying process |
| #Hypokalemia
| |
| #Mallory-Weiss (tear)
| |
| #Boerhaave (rupture)
| |
| #Aspiration
| |
|
| |
|
| == DDX by organ system == | | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| ===GI===
| | {{Nausea and vomiting DDX}} |
| #Peptic ulcer disease
| |
| #Obstruction
| |
| ##Adhesion
| |
| ##SBO/LBO
| |
| ##Gastric outlet obstruction
| |
| #Pancreatitis
| |
| #Gastroparesis
| |
| #Appendicitis
| |
| #Cholecystitis
| |
| #Cholangitis
| |
| #Hepatitis
| |
| #IBD
| |
| #Intussusception
| |
| #Tumor
| |
| #Strangulated hernia
| |
| #Volvulus
| |
| #Mesenteric ischemia
| |
| #Esophageal disorders (e.g. achalasia)
| |
| #Functional disorders
| |
| ##Psychogenic
| |
| ##IBS
| |
| #Pyloric stenosis
| |
| ===Neurologic===
| |
| #Head injury
| |
| #CVA
| |
| #Pseudotumor
| |
| #Hydrocephalus
| |
| #Mass lesion
| |
| #Meningitis
| |
| #Migraines
| |
| #Labyrinthitis
| |
| #Meniere disease
| |
| #Motion sickness
| |
| ===Infectious===
| |
| #Bacterial toxins
| |
| #PNA
| |
| #SBP
| |
| #UTI
| |
| #Viruses (adeno, norwalk, rota
| |
| ===Drugs/Toxins===
| |
| #Toxic doses
| |
| ##Digoxin
| |
| ##ASA
| |
| ##APAP
| |
| #NSAIDs
| |
| #Opiates
| |
| #ETOH
| |
| #Anticonvulsants
| |
| #Abx
| |
| #Antiarrhythmics
| |
| #Toxins
| |
| ##Organophosphates
| |
| ##CO
| |
| ##Ricin
| |
| ===Endocrine===
| |
| #Pregnancy
| |
| #Hyponatremia
| |
| #Adrenal insufficiency
| |
| #DKA
| |
| #Thyroid/parathyroid disorders
| |
| #Uremia
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Miscellaneous=== | | ===By organ system=== |
| #ACS
| | ====GI==== |
| #Gonadal torsion
| | *[[Peptic ulcer disease]] |
| #Nephrolithiasis
| | *[[Bowel obstruction|Obstruction]] |
| #Pain
| | **Adhesion |
| #Acute glaucoma
| | **[[Small bowel obstruction]]/LBO |
| #Anorexia/bulimia
| | ***[[SMA syndrome]] |
| #Depression
| | **Gastric outlet obstruction |
| | **[[Gastric volvulus]] |
| | **[[Bezoar]] |
| | *[[Pancreatitis]] |
| | *[[Gastroparesis]] |
| | *[[Appendicitis]] |
| | *[[Cholecystitis]] |
| | *[[Cholangitis]] |
| | *[[Acute Hepatitis]] |
| | *[[IBD]] |
| | *[[Intussusception]] |
| | *Tumor |
| | *Strangulated [[hernia]] |
| | *[[Volvulus]] |
| | *[[Mesenteric ischemia]] |
| | *Esophageal disorders (e.g. [[achalasia]]) |
| | *Functional disorders |
| | **Psychogenic |
| | **[[IBS]] |
| | *[[Pyloric Stenosis]] |
|
| |
|
| ==DDx by Severity== | | ====Neurologic==== |
| === Critical === | | *[[Head injury]] |
| #Boerhaave
| | *[[CVA]] |
| #Ischemic bowel
| | *[[Idiopathic intracranial hypertension]] |
| #ICH
| | *[[Hydrocephalus]] |
| #Meningitis
| | *[[Intracranial mass|Mass lesion]] |
| #DKA
| | *[[Meningitis]] |
| #AMI
| | *[[Migraine]] |
| #Sepsis
| | *[[Labyrinthitis]] |
| | *[[Meniere's disease]] |
| | *[[Motion sickness]] |
| | *[[Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome]] |
|
| |
|
| === Emergent === | | ====Infectious==== |
| #Gastric outlet obstruction
| | *[[Bacteria]]l toxins |
| #Pancreatitis
| | *[[Pneumonia]] |
| #Cholecystitis
| | *[[SBP]] |
| #Bowel obstruction/ileus
| | *[[UTI]] |
| #Ruptured viscus
| | *Viruses ([[adenovirus]], [[norovirus]], [[rotavirus]]) |
| #Appendicitis
| |
| #Peritonitis
| |
| #Migraine
| |
| #CNS tumor
| |
| #raised ICP
| |
| #Adrenal insuffciency
| |
| #Hyperemesis gravidarum
| |
| #Tylenol
| |
| #Digoxin
| |
| #ASA
| |
| #Theophyline
| |
| #Gonadal torsion
| |
| #CO
| |
| #Electrolyte disorder
| |
| ===Nonemergent=== | |
| #Gastritis
| |
| #Gastroparesis
| |
| #PUD
| |
| #Gastroenteritis
| |
| #Biliary colic
| |
| #Hepatitis
| |
| #Thyroid
| |
| #Pregnancy
| |
| #Erythromycin
| |
| #Ibuprofen
| |
| #Chemotherapy
| |
| #Narcotics/wdwl from
| |
| #ETOH
| |
| #UTI
| |
| #Renal colic
| |
| #Motion sickness
| |
| #Labyrinthitis
| |
|
| |
|
| == Peds == | | ====Drugs/Toxins==== |
| | *Toxic doses |
| | **[[Digoxin toxicity]] |
| | **[[Aspirin toxicity]] |
| | **[[Acetaminophen toxicity]] |
| | **[[Ipecac toxicity]] |
| | *[[NSAIDs]] |
| | *[[Opioids]] |
| | *[[Alcohol]] |
| | *[[Anticonvulsants]] |
| | *[[Antibiotics]] |
| | *[[Antiarrhythmics]] |
| | *Toxins |
| | **[[Organophosphates]] |
| | **[[Carbon monoxide]] |
| | **[[Ricin]] |
| | *[[Acute radiation syndrome]] |
|
| |
|
| {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="0" bgcolor="#666666" width="100%"
| | ====Endocrine==== |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| | *[[Pregnancy]], [[hyperemesis gravidarum]] |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" colspan="2" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | '''Newborn'''
| | *[[Hyponatremia]] |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| | *[[Adrenal insufficiency]] |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Obstructive intestinal anomalies
| | *[[DKA]] |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Esophageal stenosis/atresia, pyloric stenosis, intestinal stenosis/atresia, malrotation ± volvulus, incarcerated hernia, meconium ileus/plug, Hirschsprung disease, imperforate anus, enteric duplications
| | *[[Thyroid]]/parathyroid disorders |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| | *[[Uremia]] |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Neurologic
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Intracranial bleed/mass, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, kernicterus
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Renal
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Urinary tract infection, obstructive uropathy, renal insufficiency
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Infectious
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Viral illness, gastroenteritis, meningitis, sepsis
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Metabolic/endocrine
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Inborn errors of metabolism (urea cycle, amino/organic acid, carbohydrate), congenital adrenal hyperplasia
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Miscellaneous
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Ileus, gastroesophageal reflux, necrotizing enterocolitis, milk allergy, GI perforation
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" colspan="2" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | '''Infant (<12 mo)'''
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Obstructive intestinal anomalies
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Pyloric stenosis, malrotation ± volvulus, incarcerated hernia, Hirschsprung disease, enteric duplications, intussusception, foreign body, bezoars, Meckel diverticulum
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Neurologic
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Intracranial bleed/mass, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Renal
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Urinary tract infection, obstructive uropathy, renal insufficiency
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Infectious
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Viral illness, gastroenteritis, meningitis, sepsis, otitis media, pneumonia, pertussis, hepatitis
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Metabolic/endocrine
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency, renal tubular acidosis
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Miscellaneous
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Ileus, gastroesophageal reflux, post-tussive, peritonitis, drug overdose
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | '''Child (>12 mo)'''
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " |
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Obstructive intestinal anomalies
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Malrotation ± volvulus, incarcerated hernia, Hirschsprung disease, intussusception, foreign body, bezoars, Meckel diverticulum, acquired esophageal stricture, peptic ulcer disease, adhesions, superior mesenteric artery syndrome
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Neurologic
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Intracranial bleed/mass, cerebral edema, postconcussive, migraine
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Renal
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Urinary tract infection, obstructive uropathy, renal insufficiency
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Infectious
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Viral illness, gastroenteritis, meningitis, sepsis, otitis media, pneumonia, hepatitis, streptococcal pharyngitis
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Metabolic/endocrine
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency, renal tubular acidosis, diabetes mellitus, Reye syndrome, porphyria
| |
| |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Miscellaneous
| |
| | valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Ileus, gastroesophageal reflux, post-tussive, peritonitis, drug overdose, appendicitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, Crohn disease, pregnancy, psychogenic, cyclic vomiting syndrome
| |
| |}
| |
|
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|
| == Source == | | ====Miscellaneous==== |
| *Rosen | | *[[ACS]] |
| *Tintinalli | | *[[Ovarian torsion|ovarian]]/[[testicular torsion]] |
| | *[[Nephrolithiasis]] |
| | *Pain |
| | *[[Acute angle-closure glaucoma]] |
| | *[[Anorexia nervosa]]/[[bulimia nervosa]] |
| | *[[Depression]] |
| | |
| | ==Evaluation== |
| | ''Varies widely depending on clinical presentation'' |
| | *CBC |
| | *Chemistry |
| | *Urine pregnancy |
| | *[[LFTs]] |
| | *Lipase |
| | *APAP, ASA, digoxin levels |
| | *[[Urinalysis]] |
| | *?[[Abdominal xray]] |
| | *?CT |
| | *?[[Ultrasound]] |
| | |
| | ==Management== |
| | *Treat underlying pathology |
| | *Address [[electrolyte derangements]] and [[dehydration]] as needed |
| | *[[Antiemetics]] |
| | *Inhaled isopropyl alcohol (sniffing an alcohol wipe) has been shown to reduce mild to moderate nausea and vomiting<ref>Lindblad AJ, Ting R, Harris K. Inhaled isopropyl alcohol for nausea and vomiting in the emergency department. Can Fam Physician. 2018;64(8):580.</ref> |
| | |
| | ==Disposition== |
| | *Depends on cause |
| | *Most non-specific episodes of acute nausea and vomiting may be discharged, if: |
| | **No emergent/urgent cause identified or suspected |
| | **Patient tolerating fluids after treatment |
| | |
| | ==Complications== |
| | *[[Hypovolemia]] |
| | *[[Metabolic alkalosis]] |
| | *[[Hypokalemia]] |
| | *[[Mallory-Weiss]] (tear) |
| | *[[Boerhaave]] (rupture) |
| | *Aspiration |
| | |
| | ==See Also== |
| | *[[Nausea and vomiting (peds)]] |
| | *[[Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy]] |
| | *[[Antiemetics]] |
| | |
| | ==External Links== |
| | |
| | ==References== |
| | <references/> |
|
| |
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| [[Category:GI]] | | [[Category:GI]] |
| [[Category:Peds]] | | [[Category:Symptoms]] |