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| | + | {{Adult top}} [[nausea and vomiting (peds)]].'' |
| | ==Background== | | ==Background== |
| | [[File:Nausea_and_vomiting.png|thumb|Nausea and Vomiting Algorithm]] | | [[File:Nausea_and_vomiting.png|thumb|Nausea and Vomiting Algorithm]] |
| | | | |
| | ==Clinical Features== | | ==Clinical Features== |
| | + | *Nausea and/or vomiting |
| | + | *Additional features of underlying process |
| | | | |
| − | == DDX by organ system == | + | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| − | ===GI=== | + | {{Nausea and vomiting DDX}} |
| | + | |
| | + | ===By organ system=== |
| | + | ====GI==== |
| | *[[Peptic ulcer disease]] | | *[[Peptic ulcer disease]] |
| − | *Obstruction | + | *[[Bowel obstruction|Obstruction]] |
| | **Adhesion | | **Adhesion |
| | **[[Small bowel obstruction]]/LBO | | **[[Small bowel obstruction]]/LBO |
| | + | ***[[SMA syndrome]] |
| | **Gastric outlet obstruction | | **Gastric outlet obstruction |
| | + | **[[Gastric volvulus]] |
| | + | **[[Bezoar]] |
| | *[[Pancreatitis]] | | *[[Pancreatitis]] |
| − | *Gastroparesis | + | *[[Gastroparesis]] |
| | *[[Appendicitis]] | | *[[Appendicitis]] |
| | *[[Cholecystitis]] | | *[[Cholecystitis]] |
| | *[[Cholangitis]] | | *[[Cholangitis]] |
| | *[[Acute Hepatitis]] | | *[[Acute Hepatitis]] |
| − | *IBD | + | *[[IBD]] |
| | *[[Intussusception]] | | *[[Intussusception]] |
| | *Tumor | | *Tumor |
| − | *Strangulated hernia | + | *Strangulated [[hernia]] |
| | *[[Volvulus]] | | *[[Volvulus]] |
| | *[[Mesenteric ischemia]] | | *[[Mesenteric ischemia]] |
| − | *Esophageal disorders (e.g. achalasia) | + | *Esophageal disorders (e.g. [[achalasia]]) |
| | *Functional disorders | | *Functional disorders |
| | **Psychogenic | | **Psychogenic |
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| | *[[Pyloric Stenosis]] | | *[[Pyloric Stenosis]] |
| | | | |
| − | ===Neurologic=== | + | ====Neurologic==== |
| − | *Head injury | + | *[[Head injury]] |
| | *[[CVA]] | | *[[CVA]] |
| − | *Pseudotumor | + | *[[Idiopathic intracranial hypertension]] |
| − | *Hydrocephalus | + | *[[Hydrocephalus]] |
| − | *Mass lesion | + | *[[Intracranial mass|Mass lesion]] |
| | *[[Meningitis]] | | *[[Meningitis]] |
| − | *Migraines | + | *[[Migraine]] |
| | *[[Labyrinthitis]] | | *[[Labyrinthitis]] |
| − | *Meniere disease | + | *[[Meniere's disease]] |
| − | *Motion sickness | + | *[[Motion sickness]] |
| | *[[Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome]] | | *[[Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome]] |
| | | | |
| − | ===Infectious=== | + | ====Infectious==== |
| − | *Bacterial toxins | + | *[[Bacteria]]l toxins |
| − | *[[PNA]] | + | *[[Pneumonia]] |
| | *[[SBP]] | | *[[SBP]] |
| | *[[UTI]] | | *[[UTI]] |
| − | *Viruses (adeno, norwalk, rota | + | *Viruses ([[adenovirus]], [[norovirus]], [[rotavirus]]) |
| − | ===Drugs/Toxins=== | + | |
| | + | ====Drugs/Toxins==== |
| | *Toxic doses | | *Toxic doses |
| − | **Digoxin | + | **[[Digoxin toxicity]] |
| − | **ASA | + | **[[Aspirin toxicity]] |
| − | **APAP | + | **[[Acetaminophen toxicity]] |
| − | *NSAIDs | + | **[[Ipecac toxicity]] |
| − | *Opiates | + | *[[NSAIDs]] |
| − | *ETOH | + | *[[Opioids]] |
| − | *Anticonvulsants | + | *[[Alcohol]] |
| − | *Abx | + | *[[Anticonvulsants]] |
| − | *Antiarrhythmics | + | *[[Antibiotics]] |
| | + | *[[Antiarrhythmics]] |
| | *Toxins | | *Toxins |
| − | **Organophosphates | + | **[[Organophosphates]] |
| − | **CO | + | **[[Carbon monoxide]] |
| − | **Ricin | + | **[[Ricin]] |
| − | ===Endocrine=== | + | *[[Acute radiation syndrome]] |
| − | *Pregnancy | + | |
| | + | ====Endocrine==== |
| | + | *[[Pregnancy]], [[hyperemesis gravidarum]] |
| | *[[Hyponatremia]] | | *[[Hyponatremia]] |
| − | *Adrenal insufficiency | + | *[[Adrenal insufficiency]] |
| | *[[DKA]] | | *[[DKA]] |
| − | *Thyroid/parathyroid disorders | + | *[[Thyroid]]/parathyroid disorders |
| | *[[Uremia]] | | *[[Uremia]] |
| | | | |
| − | ===Miscellaneous=== | + | ====Miscellaneous==== |
| | *[[ACS]] | | *[[ACS]] |
| − | *Gonadal torsion | + | *[[Ovarian torsion|ovarian]]/[[testicular torsion]] |
| | *[[Nephrolithiasis]] | | *[[Nephrolithiasis]] |
| | *Pain | | *Pain |
| − | *Acute glaucoma | + | *[[Acute angle-closure glaucoma]] |
| − | *Anorexia/bulimia
| + | *[[Anorexia nervosa]]/[[bulimia nervosa]] |
| − | *Depression
| + | *[[Depression]] |
| − | | |
| − | ==DDx by Severity==
| |
| − | === Critical ===
| |
| − | *[[Esophageal Perforation|Boerhaave's]]
| |
| − | *Ischemic bowel
| |
| − | *[[ICH]] | |
| − | *[[Meningitis]]
| |
| − | *[[DKA]]
| |
| − | *[[AMI]]
| |
| − | *[[Sepsis]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Emergent ===
| |
| − | *Gastric outlet obstruction
| |
| − | *[[Pancreatitis]]
| |
| − | *[[Cholecystitis]]
| |
| − | *Bowel obstruction/ileus
| |
| − | *Ruptured viscus
| |
| − | *[[Appendicitis]]
| |
| − | *Peritonitis
| |
| − | *Migraine
| |
| − | *CNS tumor
| |
| − | *raised ICP
| |
| − | *Adrenal insuffciency
| |
| − | *Hyperemesis gravidarum
| |
| − | *Tylenol
| |
| − | *Digoxin
| |
| − | *ASA
| |
| − | *Theophyline
| |
| − | *Gonadal torsion
| |
| − | *CO
| |
| − | *[[Electrolyte Disorders]] | |
| − | ===Nonemergent===
| |
| − | *[[Gastritis]]
| |
| − | *Gastroparesis
| |
| − | *PUD
| |
| − | *Gastroenteritis
| |
| − | *Biliary colic
| |
| − | *Hepatitis
| |
| − | *Thyroid
| |
| − | *Pregnancy
| |
| − | *Erythromycin
| |
| − | *Ibuprofen
| |
| − | *Chemotherapy
| |
| − | *Narcotics/wdwl from
| |
| − | *ETOH
| |
| − | *UTI
| |
| − | *Renal colic
| |
| − | *Motion sickness
| |
| − | *Labyrinthitis
| |
| | | | |
| − | ==Diagnosis== | + | ==Evaluation== |
| − | ===Work-Up===
| + | ''Varies widely depending on clinical presentation'' |
| | *CBC | | *CBC |
| | *Chemistry | | *Chemistry |
| | *Urine pregnancy | | *Urine pregnancy |
| − | *LFTs | + | *[[LFTs]] |
| | *Lipase | | *Lipase |
| | *APAP, ASA, digoxin levels | | *APAP, ASA, digoxin levels |
| − | *UA | + | *[[Urinalysis]] |
| − | *?Abd xray | + | *?[[Abdominal xray]] |
| | *?CT | | *?CT |
| − | *?US | + | *?[[Ultrasound]] |
| − | | |
| − | ===Evaluation===
| |
| | | | |
| | ==Management== | | ==Management== |
| | + | *Treat underlying pathology |
| | + | *Address [[electrolyte derangements]] and [[dehydration]] as needed |
| | + | *[[Antiemetics]] |
| | | | |
| | ==Disposition== | | ==Disposition== |
| | + | *Depends on cause |
| | + | *Most non-specific episodes of acute nausea and vomiting may be discharged, if: |
| | + | **No emergent/urgent cause identified or suspected |
| | + | **Patient tolerating fluids after treatment |
| | | | |
| − | == Complications == | + | ==Complications== |
| − | *Hypovolemia | + | *[[Hypovolemia]] |
| − | *Metabolic alkalosis | + | *[[Metabolic alkalosis]] |
| − | *Hypokalemia | + | *[[Hypokalemia]] |
| − | *Mallory-Weiss (tear) | + | *[[Mallory-Weiss]] (tear) |
| − | *Boerhaave (rupture) | + | *[[Boerhaave]] (rupture) |
| | *Aspiration | | *Aspiration |
| | | | |
| − | == Peds == | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Nausea and vomiting (peds)]] |
| | | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="0" bgcolor="*666666" width="100%"
| + | ==External Links== |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" colspan="2" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | '''Newborn'''
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Obstructive intestinal anomalies
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Esophageal stenosis/atresia, pyloric stenosis, intestinal stenosis/atresia, malrotation ± volvulus, incarcerated hernia, meconium ileus/plug, Hirschsprung disease, imperforate anus, enteric duplications
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Neurologic
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Intracranial bleed/mass, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, kernicterus
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Renal
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Urinary tract infection, obstructive uropathy, renal insufficiency
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Infectious
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Viral illness, gastroenteritis, meningitis, sepsis
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Metabolic/endocrine
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Inborn errors of metabolism (urea cycle, amino/organic acid, carbohydrate), congenital adrenal hyperplasia
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Miscellaneous
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Ileus, gastroesophageal reflux, necrotizing enterocolitis, milk allergy, GI perforation
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" colspan="2" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | '''Infant (<12 mo)'''
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Obstructive intestinal anomalies
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Pyloric stenosis, malrotation ± volvulus, incarcerated hernia, Hirschsprung disease, enteric duplications, intussusception, foreign body, bezoars, Meckel diverticulum
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Neurologic
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Intracranial bleed/mass, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Renal
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Urinary tract infection, obstructive uropathy, renal insufficiency
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Infectious
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Viral illness, gastroenteritis, meningitis, sepsis, otitis media, pneumonia, pertussis, hepatitis
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Metabolic/endocrine
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency, renal tubular acidosis
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Miscellaneous
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Ileus, gastroesophageal reflux, post-tussive, peritonitis, drug overdose
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | '''Child (>12 mo)'''
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " |
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Obstructive intestinal anomalies
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Malrotation ± volvulus, incarcerated hernia, Hirschsprung disease, intussusception, foreign body, bezoars, Meckel diverticulum, acquired esophageal stricture, peptic ulcer disease, adhesions, superior mesenteric artery syndrome
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Neurologic
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Intracranial bleed/mass, cerebral edema, postconcussive, migraine
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Renal
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Urinary tract infection, obstructive uropathy, renal insufficiency
| |
| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Infectious
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Viral illness, gastroenteritis, meningitis, sepsis, otitis media, pneumonia, hepatitis, streptococcal pharyngitis
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Metabolic/endocrine
| |
| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency, renal tubular acidosis, diabetes mellitus, Reye syndrome, porphyria
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| − | |- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; "
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Miscellaneous
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| − | | valign="top" bgcolor="*ffffff" class="font12" align="left" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; " | Ileus, gastroesophageal reflux, post-tussive, peritonitis, drug overdose, appendicitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, Crohn disease, pregnancy, psychogenic, cyclic vomiting syndrome
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| − | |}
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| − | ==See Also==
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| − | == References == | + | ==References== |
| | + | <references/> |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:GI]] | | [[Category:GI]] |
| − | [[Category:Peds]] | + | [[Category:Symptoms]] |
