Mannitol
Revision as of 18:24, 29 September 2019 by Bristolschmitz (talk | contribs) (→Elevated intracranial pressure)
General
- Type: sugar alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol
- Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution[1]
- 5% and 10% in 1000ml containers
- 15% in 500ml containers
- 20% in 250ml and 500ml containers
- 25% in 50ml flip-top vials
- Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol
Dosing
Adult
Elevated intracranial pressure
- 0.25-2 g/kg given every 6 to 8 hours[2]
- Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)[3]
- Easy ED dosing: 1g/kg bolus in ED (while awaiting neurosurgery eval/admission)
Pediatric Dosing
Cerebral edema
- 0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr[4]
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation:
- Unknown if present in breast milk
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- Contraindicated in severe renal impairment
- Pediatric
- Contraindicated in severe renal impairment
- Adult
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult
- No adjustment necessary
- Pediatric
- No adjustment necessary
- Adult
Indications
- Lowering ICP with signs of impending herniation or severely deteriorating mental status in context of known trauma or intracranial lesion exerting mass effect
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Excretion:
- Mechanism of Action:
See Also
References
- Mannitol (systemic): Drug information. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Accessed April 2, 2019.