Le Fort fractures: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Background== | ||
*Midface fracture involving the maxilla and surrounding facial structures | |||
*Most commonly occur due to motor vehicle accident | |||
* | *LeFort I fractures are isolated to the lower face | ||
* | *Type II and III injuries associated with cribriform plate disruption and CSF rhinorrhea | ||
* | |||
=== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Maxillofacial trauma DDX}} | {{Maxillofacial trauma DDX}} | ||
==Evaluation== | |||
===Workup=== | |||
[[File:LeFort109M.jpg|thumb|A 3-D CT reconstruction showing a Le Fort type 1 fracture (marked by arrow).]] | |||
*CT sinus/face | |||
===Diagnosis=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Le Fort Fracture''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Description''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Front View''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Side View''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Stability''' | |||
|- | |||
|Type I|| | |||
*Transverse fracture separating body of maxilla from pterygoid plate and nasal septum<ref name="tintinalli">Tintinalli 7th Edition, pgs 1730-1738</ref> | |||
*Only hard palate and teeth move (when rock hard palate while stabilizing forehead) | |||
||[[File:LeFort1e.png|120px]]||[[File:LeFort1a.png|150px]]||Stable | |||
|- | |||
|Type II|| | |||
*Pyramidal fracture through central maxilla and hard palate | |||
*Movement of hard palate and nose occurs, but not the eyes | |||
||[[File:LeFort2b.png|120px]]||[[File:LeFort2a.png|150px]]||Can be stable or unstable fracture | |||
|- | |||
|Type III|| | |||
*Craniofacial dysjunction (fracture through frontozygomatic sutures, orbit, nose, ethmoids) | |||
*Entire face shifts with globes held in place only by optic nerve) | |||
*Dish face deformity on lateral view | |||
||[[File:LeFort3b.png|120px]]||[[File:LeFort3a.png|150px]]||Unstable | |||
|- | |||
|Type IV|| | |||
*Le Fort III plus involvement of frontal bone | |||
||||||Unstable | |||
|} | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
* | *Ensure airway patency | ||
** | **If intubation required, consider awake intubation | ||
* | *Control hemorrhage | ||
* | **Nasal and oral packing may be required | ||
* | *IV antibiotics | ||
* | |||
==Disposition== | |||
*Consider discharge in isolated LeFort I or stable LeFort II fractures without concerning features (in coordination with appropriate specialist consult - OMFS, ENT, or PRS) | |||
*All others should be admitted | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Maxillofacial | *[[Maxillofacial trauma]] | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:ENT]] | [[Category:ENT]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Orthopedics]] | ||
[[Category:Trauma]] | [[Category:Trauma]] |
Revision as of 06:47, 10 May 2019
Background
- Midface fracture involving the maxilla and surrounding facial structures
- Most commonly occur due to motor vehicle accident
- LeFort I fractures are isolated to the lower face
- Type II and III injuries associated with cribriform plate disruption and CSF rhinorrhea
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Maxillofacial Trauma
- Ears
- Nose
- Oral
- Other face
- Zygomatic arch fracture
- Zygomaticomaxillary (tripod) fracture
- Related
Evaluation
Workup
- CT sinus/face
Diagnosis
Le Fort Fracture | Description | Front View | Side View | Stability |
Type I |
|
Stable | ||
Type II |
|
Can be stable or unstable fracture | ||
Type III |
|
Unstable | ||
Type IV |
|
Unstable |
Management
- Ensure airway patency
- If intubation required, consider awake intubation
- Control hemorrhage
- Nasal and oral packing may be required
- IV antibiotics
Disposition
- Consider discharge in isolated LeFort I or stable LeFort II fractures without concerning features (in coordination with appropriate specialist consult - OMFS, ENT, or PRS)
- All others should be admitted
See Also
References
- ↑ Tintinalli 7th Edition, pgs 1730-1738