Keratoconjunctivitis
Background
- Defined as concurrent inflammation of both the cornea and conjunctiva.
Types
- Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
- Common in patients with atopy(ie: eczema, allergies, asthma, rhinitis)
- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- Highly contagious viral(Adenovirus) conjunctivitis, associated with watery discharge
- Keratoconjunctivitis photoelectrica
- Subtype of UV Keratitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Associated with autoimmune disorders such as Sjogren's Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Schleroderma
Clinical Features
- intense itching
- excessive tearing
- burning sensation
- clear mucus discharge
- conjunctival erythema/hyperemia
- blurred vision
- photophobia
- foreign body sensation
- Thickened, scaly, indurated eyelids are characteristic of Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis
- Chronic inflammation may eventually lead to vision loss
Differential Diagnosis
- Viral conjunctivitis
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Acute angle closure glaucoma
- Uveitis
- Keratitis(eg: HSV)
- Corneal abrasian
- Trauma/Foreign body
- Chemical exposure
- Dacryocystitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Cluster headache
Evaluation
- Generally a clinical diagnosis
- Fluorescein test followed by tonometry:
- Fluorescein test if concerned for abrasians, corneal damage, foreign body, globe rupture
- Tonometry of both eyes if concerned for acute angle closure glaucoma, uveitis, hyphema, recent history of trauma to eye
Management and Disposition
Based on likely etiology and severity:
Severity:
- Mild: basic eye care(resist itching, cold compress, artificial tears), antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers
- Moderate/Severe: should be referred to Ophthalmologist
Etiology:
- Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: chronic management should be determined by Ophthalmologist
- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: usually self-resolving
- Keratoconjunctivitis photoelectrica: eye rest and proper eye protection
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: chronic management should be determined by Ophthalmologist
See Also
References
Hamrah, MD et.al. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com
Munoz, MD et.al. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of adenovirus infection. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com
Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline D, Meckler GD, Yealy DM. Tintinallis emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2016.