Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 toxicity: Difference between revisions
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** Low volatility | ** Low volatility | ||
** Additives include anti-icing, anti-static, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosive | ** Additives include anti-icing, anti-static, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosive | ||
* JP-8 mainly consists of hydrocarbon chains from C9-C12 | * JP-8 mainly consists of [[hydrocarbons|hydrocarbon]] chains from C9-C12 | ||
==Toxicology== | ==Toxicology== | ||
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
* Short term exposure | * Short term exposure: | ||
* Long term | **Skin irritation/[[rash]] | ||
**[[Headache]], [[fatigue]], [[dizziness]], difficulty concentrating, [[ataxia]] | |||
**[[hepatic failure|Liver dysfunction]] | |||
**Respiratory symptoms, including pleuritic [[chest pain]], [[SOB]], feeling of suffocation | |||
* Long term: | |||
**Above, plus pulmonary and [[renal failure|renal damage]] | |||
* Taste and odor complaints related to tenacity of JP-8 | * Taste and odor complaints related to tenacity of JP-8 | ||
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
* | * Clinical diagnosis, history and physical findings direct workup | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:00, 1 October 2019
Background
- Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 (JP-8) used by US military (aircraft, tanks, other military vehicles)
- Replaced JP-4 in 1992 as single fuel which was safer and reduced risk of fire/explosion
- Kerosene 99.8% by weight (benzene <0.05%)
- High flash point
- Low volatility
- Additives include anti-icing, anti-static, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosive
- JP-8 mainly consists of hydrocarbon chains from C9-C12
Toxicology
Routes of Exposure
- Inhalation - principal route of exposure for workers included in aircraft refueling activities
- Oral - minor route of exposure usually because of eating or drinking contaminated water
- Dermal - minor route of exposure if soil/water contaminated. Potentially significant route of exposure for workers not using adequate protective clothing
Minimal Risk Levels
- No acute-duration inhalation MRL established
- MRL of 3 mg/kg/day has been derived for acute oral exposure
Health Effects
- Studies have shown exposure can affect nervous system
- Target organs include lungs, liver, skin, immune and nervous systems
- Carcinogenicity not classified by EPA or US Department of Health and Human Services
Clinical Features
- Short term exposure:
- Skin irritation/rash
- Headache, fatigue, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, ataxia
- Liver dysfunction
- Respiratory symptoms, including pleuritic chest pain, SOB, feeling of suffocation
- Long term:
- Above, plus pulmonary and renal damage
- Taste and odor complaints related to tenacity of JP-8
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
- Clinical diagnosis, history and physical findings direct workup
Management
Inhalation
- Move to fresh air
- Monitor for respiratory distress
- Secure airway if needed
Dermal
- Remove contaminated clothing
- Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes
- Treat dermal irritation with topical corticosteroids
Disposition
- Discharge home if asymptomatic after observation period 6-8 hours with normal vital signs and normal respiratory examination
- Admit if clinical evidence of severe toxicity or respiratory distress